Soilless cultivation technology of watermelon in greenhouse

It is difficult to hold water and fertilizer on the beach. Ordinary planting methods cannot achieve good economic benefits. It takes good human and material resources to improve the soil. Although the method is good, it will inevitably lose water and soil with the rain. Therefore, you can choose another cultivation method-soilless cultivation. Since it is not restricted by the natural conditions such as the site, each locality can make full use of the local cheap natural resources and adapt to local conditions. The following editors introduce the soilless cultivation technology of watermelons in greenhouses:

I. Variety selection

Early-maturing cultivation in greenhouses should choose varieties that have fast growth, strong branching strength, low temperature resistance, low light resistance, disease resistance and high yield, and easy fruit setting, such as Qinghongbao series, Fengshou No. 2, Wanza No. 3, and Zheng Za No. 5. Wait.

Second, build a shed, plow the beach wasteland 30 cm deep, remove weeds and level, and detain the shed for baking 15-20 days in advance. The plastic greenhouse is constructed according to 6 meters × 50 meters, and should be oriented from north to south, so as to receive light evenly. The shed is ditched and ridged at a pitch of 1 meter, with a ridge height of 10-20 cm and a width of 40-60 cm, with a total of 6 ridges. A drip irrigation pipe is laid on the ridge. The drip irrigation pipe uses a black double-hole drip irrigation belt with a hole distance of 30 cm (supplied by Beijing Zhentai Horticultural Facilities Co.) and is connected to the main pipe. Then lay a super micro-film on the ridge, the width of the film is 2 meters, each ridge is 2 ridges, a total of 3, flattened. In order to reduce the difficulty of erection of watermelon in the greenhouse in the later period, you can run along the greenhouse in the shed before the watermelon is planted. At the distance of 1.6-2.0 meters above the ridge, pull up 6 thin iron wires, and fix the ends. The wire is pulled several times to fix it on the shed pole, so that it can bear the weight when the watermelon is hanging.

Third, sowing seedlings

1. The seedlings are usually cultivated in small arch sheds or impotence from late February to early March. Before raising seedlings, remove the watermelon seeds, soak them in warm water at 20-30 ° C for 6-12 hours, remove and add a small amount of fine sand to rub and wash the stickies, then moisten the cotton cloth or towel to wring and flatten the watermelon. Seeds are laid 1-3 layers, folded around and rolled into a tube, first germinate at 37 ° C for 4-6 hours, and then germinate at 30-35 ° C at constant temperature. Turn over and wash 1-2 times with warm water every day. Seeds with buds longer than 0.5 cm are picked and stored in a damp cloth. Generally, buds can emerge after 24-48 hours.

2. Nursery

(This method uses soilless seedlings.) Wet clean river sand (particle size 1-2 mm) with clear water and put it into a large plastic seedling bag (or bowl), and press the watermelon seeds that have sprouted into each bag ( A bowl of 1 seed is sown in a bag (bowl), covered with about 1 cm of river sand, and placed neatly in a small arch shed or impotence to raise seedlings. The temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃ during the day and not lower than 15 ℃ at night. Ventilation and moisture removal above 35 ° C. After the seedlings are collected, the temperature is maintained at 20-25 ° C during the day. According to the growth status of the seedlings, use a watering can to spray 0.5 times the concentration of nutrient solution or water, and keep the seedling bag (bowl) dry and wet. The seedling age is 30-40 days, and the value can be set when the melon seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart. Relax the temperature management conditions in the shed before planting so that the seedlings can adapt to the growth environment of the shed.

Fourth, the planting period should be selected before and after the Qingming Festival, when the ground temperature is stable above 12 ℃, about the end of March to early April middle, choose cold tail warm head or sunny day planting. When planting, first dig a certain planting hole in the mulch, bury the seedlings, and the depth is the same as the height of the seedlings. Then, use the nutrient solution to pour enough water to fix the roots. Planting at 50 cm spacing, about 1200 seedlings per acre. Sheds were closed for several days after planting to maintain a high temperature of the shed to promote seedling rooting. Soilless cultivation does not require water-controlling "squatting seedlings". When the seedlings are short of water, drip irrigation pipes can be used to make up for small water.

V. Nutrient Solution Management

It is difficult to store water and fertilizer on the beach. In general, 0.5-1 liters of water per plant per day at the seedling stage is supplied 1-2 times, and it will gradually increase to 2-4 liquids of 1-2 liters per plant per day as the plants grow up and bear fruit. Especially under sunny and high temperature conditions, the liquid supply should not be too small. When the liquid supply is increased, the nutrient solution concentration can be appropriately reduced. Liquid supply is usually performed before 11:00 am and after 3:00 pm. In rainy weather and at night, there is generally no or little liquid supply. The nutrient solution is not recovered. Therefore, after 7-10 days, the salt in the cultivation substrate should be washed with water. In early spring, due to the low air temperature and liquid temperature, the temperature of the nutrient solution should be increased to maintain it above 18 ° C and below 28 ° C to ensure the normal growth of the seedling root system (see the attached table for the formulation of the nutrient solution).

Six, shed management

1. The temperature management shed should be kept at 25-35 ° C on sunny days and not lower than 15 ° C at night. The temperature management conditions can be appropriately reduced in rainy weather. In early spring, the beach is cold, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, so prepare for cold protection. If the seedlings are too long, it can be controlled by reducing the greenhouse temperature or reducing the concentration of the nutrient solution or increasing the potassium concentration of the nutrient solution.

2. Hanging vine When the seedling vine grows more than 50 cm, hang the vine with a special anti-aging hanging rope. One end of the hoisting rope is wrapped around the seedlings, and the other end is fixed on the iron wire in the shed.

3. Pruning

Greenhouse watermelon generally adopts the "one master and one pair" double-man pruning method. After the main vine spreads, choose a strong side branch at the base of the stem as an auxiliary vine, and twine the hanging vine separately. The flowers are set on the 2-3 female flowers of the main vine, and the 2-3 female flowers of the side vine are prepared.

4. Artificial pollination and melon retention

There are few insects in the greenhouse, especially in early spring, and artificial pollination is required. Otherwise it is not easy to set fruit. When the 2-3 female flowers of the main vine are opened, the male flowers that are well developed and pollen-footed should be selected before 10 o'clock on the day, remove the petals, and lightly dip them on the stigma of the female flowers. Pollination mark. When the melon grows to the size of a table tennis, it means that the melon has been seated. At this time, choose one of the melon fruits that develops normally between 6-14 leaves, and the rest are thinned out, leaving only one melon per plant to facilitate early maturity. And leave the seedlings sitting on the fruit behind the melon to leave 2-3 leaves, and no longer hang the vine to let it grow freely downwards, so that the melon naturally falls back to the ridge (this eliminates the need to hang the melon or support melon. Complex procedures), to avoid the phenomenon of falling seedlings. The other main vine continues to grow upwards, and when it grows to 1.6-2 meters, it will be sharp and remove old and diseased leaves in time to facilitate ventilation. When the watermelon is about to grow, turn the melon once and turn the negative side into the positive side to make the melon evenly colored.

5. Pest control

Pay attention to pest control. The main diseases are blight, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and blight. Fusarium wilt can be prevented by increasing the concentration of calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution, or controlled by grafting; powdery mildew can be prevented with 1000 times solution of powder rust. Insect pests are mainly aphids and whitefly in greenhouse. It can be sprayed with 20% Sufendidin 2000-3000 times liquid or 2.5% Uranus Emulsion 4000 times liquid.

Seven, harvest

Watermelon in the greenhouse can mature after 30-35 days, and can be harvested and marketed in time. Delayed harvest of watermelon in the greenhouse has little effect on quality. After the first stubble is harvested, techniques such as falling vines, pruning, or pruning vines can be used to continuously regenerate the fruit to achieve higher economic benefits.

How about, has n’t it brought a new idea for everyone to grow watermelons. If you want to try it, hurry up and try it. I hope the article by Xiaobian will help everyone.

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