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The name of the pearl fish is Trichogaster leeri, belonging to Anabantidae. Southeast Asia, which is one of the three largest sources of tropical fish, is Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Sumatra and Kalimantan are the most common. His whole body is silver-gray, his body belly and even the fins are inlaid with pearl-like gray round spots. When he slowly swims, his body glitters with glittering treasures. It is extraordinarily elegant, soft and charming, and is therefore praised as a pearl fish. Other Chinese names include pearl vest fish, Mashanke fish, Malacca fish, and color stone finfish. Its English name is Pearl gourami (Pearl Gurami) or Mosaic gourami (Gama Gama).
Second, the morphological characteristics
The pearl fish is oval in shape, flat on its side, large in size, and slightly pointed. Yazu is superior and his eyes are wide. Dorsal fin high and short, pectoral fins round fan. From the lower part of the snout and the chest to the base of the caudal peduncle, along the lateral lines on both sides of the body, there is a vertical stripe consisting of black round spots. Pearlfish pelvic sternum, and has evolved into a pair of slender and soft tentacles, can rotate freely in all directions, with tactile function, can detect obstacles around and identify food, usually with the body's swimming, sometimes Shaking ahead, sometimes swinging to both sides, or up or down, like a walking stick for blind people to explore the way, is very flexible and keen; when not swimming, the tentacles will flutter gently, as if the girl is combing her long braids, Unusually beautiful. The anal fins are long and wide, accounting for 2/3 of their body length. Starting from the pelvic fins, the anal fins are wider back towards the caudal fins. The trailing edge of the caudal fin is slightly concave, nearly bifurcated.
Third, living habits
Dissolved oxygen
Pearlfish, like blue star fish and cichlid fish, have pleats and other auxiliary respiratory organs. They can swallow air on the surface of the water and absorb oxygen from the air. They are safe in water with low oxygen content and can be kept in fish. In higher density aquariums. At the same time, their attitude of floating into the air to swallow the air is also worth watching.
2. Water temperature
This fish likes to inhabit natural waters that are not very mobile or completely static. It needs a higher water temperature, a suitable temperature range of 20 to 30°C, and an optimal water temperature of 24 to 27°C. It requires clear and transparent water quality, and is suitable for living in weak acid conditions. Hard water, so in some high pH environment can not live a good life, showing a beautiful color.
3. Food habit
Like to feed on the top of the aquarium, it is an omnivorous fish, and does not choose to eat. It prefers small live baits rich in high protein, such as leeches, chironomid larvae, wireworms, leeches, shrimp seeds, and crab seeds. Feed dry feed.
4. Feeding
Due to the large body of the fish, its sexual cowardness, and its intimacy in the thick aquatic plants, the aquarium should be large enough, and it is better to plant some plants for hiding and rest. It would be better if you could build rockery with beautiful stones at the same time. Aquatic plants and rockeries can provide invisible places for pearlfish, and also play a role as a fish with a view.
Pearlfish are usually gentle and good-natured. They are not as popular as Climacteridae and they are suitable for polyculture with small tropical fish. However, they should not be polycultured with small-sized fish such as red-headed lampfish and other giant carp species. They will chase after swallowing these little fish, and they will not be able to polyculture with fierce fish. Otherwise, they will be frightened and cause the body to be dull and not even eaten. It is worth noting that the pearl fish in the breeding season have become violent and aggressive, and they have a tendency to attack females, and there are usually few fights between males. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the pearl fish into monocultures.
The larvae of the pearl fish are timid and extremely sensitive to water quality. If the light suddenly goes out or opens, the young fish will be thrown around by surprise.
Fourth, male and female discrimination
The male and female of the pearl fish are generally easy to distinguish after feeding for 5 months. Male dorsal fins and pelvic fins are long and elegant, their fins are pointed at the end; females have relatively short dorsal fins and pelvic fins, blunt ends of fins, slightly smaller bodies, and more abdomen (see photo). During the breeding period, the male fish's lower abdomen to the fish's abdomen showed a bright orange or red "marriage color" that was beautiful and dazzling, while the females were different and the body color was lighter than the male.
V. Preparation before reproduction
1. The choice of broodstock
The pearl fish generally grows after 10 months, and the body length can reach 6 cm or more, reaching the sexual maturity age. The chest can be reddened, the pelvic fins can be lengthened, and the male body with strong body and bright color can be used as broodstock. During reproduction, the male fish has a very significant secondary feature. Its individuals are larger than females, and females must pick individuals whose abdomen is significantly enlarged. In addition, it is better to choose the second-instar fish with a body length of 7 to 8 centimeters, which has the highest reproductive success rate. However, individuals with a body length of more than 10 centimeters have passed puberty and the reproductive success rate has been reduced. Before breeding, the male and female fish were separately raised for more than half a month, and live baits such as leeches were used for feeding.
2. Breeding aquarium
The breeding aquarium should be large, the specification can be 60 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm, the water temperature is controlled at 27-29°C, the PH value is 6.8-7.2, and the water hardness is 7-9 dGH. This kind of fish also spits and builds nests like Betta and Blue Starfish. Therefore, in the breeding aquarium, some suspended water plants or aquatic weeds should be placed on the surface of the water, so that the male fish can build a fairly large bubble between them. Nesting, or putting a plastic foam plate instead of aquatic plants, can also achieve good results. The height of the water in the breeding aquarium should be half of the height of the tank. It is not necessary to provide any equipment for aeration and filtration. Because of its unique physiological characteristics, the fish can directly breathe air from the water surface when the dissolved oxygen is low. Oxygen-increasing, filtration equipment makes the nests they build less robust.
After a carefully selected broodstock is placed in the breeding aquarium at a ratio of male: female = 1:1, preparation activities for spawning are started after a period of time.
3. Nesting and estrus
Males with well-developed gonads find suitable sites within 2 to 3 days after entering the breeding aquarium, and they begin to breathe water from the water surface while spiting out small bubbles to build a floating foam fish nest. Its built foam is relatively large and relaxed (a diameter of 5 to 15 cm). During the process of male nesting, the females are generally still at their side, but they also do not swim near the nest of foam. It seems that they are encouraging. The male's starting to make a foam nest is a harbinger of estrus.
Sixth, breeding and nursery
1. Mating and calving
Foaming nests usually take 2 to 5 hours to build, and then the male fish starts to seduce females hiding in the horns and begins attacking chasing females. At this time, the broodstock, especially males, became very fast and often became orange or red in a matter of seconds. The body color of females was also brighter than usual. If you are disturbed by humans, you will immediately return to the usual tone. At this time, the male fish will be paralyzed and woo the females with various dancing postures. The females escape first, and then they are tempted and driven into the bottom of the foam nest to jointly perform breeding work. If the female has good libido, they will voluntarily swim to the nest to hug the males. Males bent the body and wrapped the females. The males and females were all bent into a "C" shape. The males used their heads to oppress the abdomen of the females. After a few intense hugs and tumbling, the females excreted the eggs and the males discharged. At the same time ejaculation, fertilize the eggs. The male fish carefully drove the fertilized eggs, which had been discharged into the water, back to the foam nest. Usually the parents lay their eggs from the morning to noon, and the male and female fish have several rolling and spawning movements. The female can empty all eggs.
After the spawning is over, the females should be fished out of the box and raised so as not to be bitten by the male when they swim near the foam nest, and the fodder should be carefully taken care of, so that it can restore its constitution in time, and the males are left behind. Fish eggs until hatching, and bear the responsibility of watching juvenile fish.
Pearlfish is a prolific fish, spawning a large number of eggs, females can spawn 500 to 1000 tablets each time, and up to 2,000. The egg is small and round, 0.5 mm in diameter and white and transparent. The spawning interval is approximately 10 days.
2. Oviposition and hatching
The male fish carefully watched the fish eggs, fanning the pectoral fins from time to time to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen near the fish eggs in the foam nest. From time to time, the fertilized eggs outside the floating nest were sent back to the foam nest with their mouths and spit out more often. Bubbles to repair the foam nest that protects the children.
Fertilized eggs in the male fish care so carefully, the hatching water temperature above 27 °C, the original lighter color of the fertilized egg that is turned into black, one size like a needle-tip larvae will break out of the film at this time. The newly hatched larvae have not yet fully developed swimming organs and have no ability to swim freely. They can only be attached to the yolk sac of the body with oil balls in the foam nest, and they still need the care of the male fish on one side. After about 36 hours, the yolk sac of the larvae basically disappeared and they could swim actively. When they were able to self-prey on the tiny blisters, they would have to remove the exhausted male fish for restoration and feeding.
3. Nursery
Pearlfish larvae have smaller individuals than other tropical fish and often disappear when the yolk sac disappears. When they start to consume food from the outside, their survival rate is low because of the lack of micro-feeds. Because the larvae's caliber is small, they cannot be opened with Artemia larvae. Because of the bait, it is necessary to supply some more palatable baits such as rotifers and paramecium in order to increase the survival rate of larvae. Afterwards, it gradually transitions to the feeding of small fishes that are filtered out with fine sieves. As the individual grows up, the fish fed does not need to be sifted, and can also be fed dry feeds with more than 35% animal protein.
4. Daily management
During larvae, due to the incomplete development of their aphids, or due to the high density of fish in the breeding water bodies, they are prone to hypoxia and should be slightly inflated. In the week after the disappearance of the yolk sac began to move in the water surface, generally do not add water, do not change the water; add a small amount of water a week later.
With the growth of larvae, special attention must be paid to rearing. At this time, the attached respiratory organs of larvae with a body length of 1.5 to 2.5 cm are growing. If live baits such as feeding fish are not sterilized, and the feeding is excessive, the water quality is easy. If the turbidity gets worse, or if you encounter the assault of cold air on the water, you will suffer from pneumonia and die. Therefore, the temperature of the water should be raised to a certain extent, and the amount of water in the aquarium should not be too deep, so as not to overstress the larvae. However, juveniles of pearl fish generally grow robustly.
The life of pearl fish in a good aquarium environment can be over 5 years old.
The ecological habits and breeding methods of pearl fish
First, the name and origin of pearl fish