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First, Grafting Due to the difficulty of grafting walnuts to survive, grafting methods are numerous, covering almost all fruit tree grafting methods. Here are only the technical points for the outdoor budding of walnut trees.
1. Peach buds are best served from small to full summer solstice, and the survival rate is stable. This is the most crucial one.
2. Head: After grafting, cut the first bud on the bud. Or leave two leaves and remove axillary buds.
3, bud film: 3 to 4 cm long, wide and 3% to 50% of the circumference of the scion.
4. Try to make the vascular bundles of the buds opposite to the vascular bundles of the wood.
5, loose (about 10 to 15 days after survival), in addition to the timely removal of Meng.
6. Fill enough water before planting and apply enough fertilizer.
Second, pruning, detasseling
1. Pruning: A number of studies have shown that pre-pruning walnut leaves is feasible. And can be performed simultaneously with detasseling. The natural forming ability of walnut trees is strong, and it is not appropriate to force the tree shape to form with the tree, in order to transmit light and promote the formation of the resulting branches. Remove pests and branches, eliminate branches and dense branches, retract cross branches and droop branches. For the leggy branches to be removed, if there is space, they can be short-cut or picked up in the summer. To control the secondary branches, the method is mainly summer pruning: the second branch of the vigorous mother branch, if there is space, pick up the heart or short cut in mid-July to promote the issue of lateral branches; the second branch of the non-robust mother branch is drawn and Branches must be cut off in a timely manner.
2, emasculation: generally male flower buds germinate 20 days before, in March can be carried out. If the male flower buds grow green when they are late, they can be easily removed. Manual removal of male flower buds can be carried out using a wooden hook with a length of 3 to 5 feet to pull down the branches, or step on stools, or on ladders, or on trees. 90-95% of the male flower buds of the whole tree are removed. For each flower branch, 100% of the male flower buds must be removed.
Third, the soil management walnut trees are afraid of dew root, afraid of years of wasteland. Under the tree should be covered with grass cover, should not be deep-turned, Shiji fertilizer should promptly backfill the soil. In dry areas, green manure should be applied and fertilizers should not be used. Early as early as the orchard management.
IV. Pest Control
1, walnut limb moth: defoliation season to clear the dead leaves and weeds, scrape the old tree [leather, plowing. During spawning, 10% cypermethrin is sprayed every 10 to 15 days. Before the larvae de-fruit, pick the damaged fruit and destroy it.
2. Cloudy Tenebride: In mid-June, the tree stem was painted white (Sulfur: Lime: Water = 1:10:40) to kill eggs. In June-August, black light trapped the adult. Scrape the eggs or larvae in the crescent-shaped oviposition trough on the tree pole. The larvae were hooked with a wire through a defecation hole, and a 10-fold liquid cotton ball was placed on the defecation hole.
3 walnut anthracnose: selected plant resistant varieties, strengthen management. From June to August, fungicides were alternately sprayed with 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture, 800 times 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl.
5. After harvesting, peeling, and cooling, the walnuts will mature after being exposed. After August 28, each harvest will be delayed by 10 days. The output will increase by 10%, and the kernel rate will increase by 18%. Peel the walnuts should be spread in the shade, cover the leaves or grass, stacking the thickness of 60?. 2 to 4 days to remove the peel. Can't beat with a stick. If it needs rinsing, take off the skin and rinse with water for 3 hours. After a long time, the tube bundle will shrink and the water will invade the seed kernels, making the seed coat discolor. Wash no more than 5 minutes. Bleaching time 8 to 10 minutes. After bleaching, cool and cool for a long time. Cover it at night to prevent it from getting wet or rain, so as not to blacken the seed coat. Turning 3 to 4 times a day, 8 to 10 days can be dried. The knocking sound is loud and it is easy to break and crush when the diaphragm is pressed by hand, indicating that it has dried. Excessive exposure to oil on sun exposure also affects quality.
The main technical points of walnut cultivation and management
In northern China, walnut cultivation has a long history. It is basically a late-food walnut and fruit crop intercropping. It is not suitable for planting pure forests. Water and fertilizer conditions are good, there are economic and technological strength of the development of early eating walnuts, must be high-intensity management.