The morphological characteristics of benzoin

Morphological characteristics

1. Trees, high 10-20m. The bark is green-brown, with a brown inner black, red-brown mahogany and young branches with brown stellate hairs. Leaves alternate; stalk ca. 1 cm; leaf blade long ovate, as long as 11cm, 4.5cm in width, apex acute or acuminate. Base broadly cuneate or suborbicular, slightly lustrous above, densely white short stellate hair below There are irregular sawtooth edges. Inflorescence integrated panicles, terminal or axillary, pedicels covered, sepals small, caducous; calyx short bell-shaped, 5-toothed, lobes lanceolate, corolla white, 5-parted, lobes lanceolate, It is about 3 times longer than the tube. The outside of the calyx and petals are covered with silvery white silky hairs, and the inner surface is reddish brown; the stamens are 8-10, the anthers are linear, and the filaments are united into a tube; the ovary is superior, ovate, densely covered with white hairs. , upper 1 room, lower 2-3 rooms, style slender, brown red. Fruit flat spherical, about 2cm long, gray brown. The seeds are nut-shaped, reddish-brown, with 1 seed per chamber and 6 longitudinal lines.

2. Trees, 5-20m high. Bark gray-brown, with irregular longitudinal cracks; branches slightly flat, brown long hairs, and later become hairless. Leaves alternate; stalk 8-15mm long, densely brownish stellate hairy; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-ovate to ovate, 5-18cm long, 4-10cm wide, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded or cuneate, above Hairless or young veins are stellate hairs, densely gray to pinkish green stellate hairs below, margin entire, young leaves sometimes with 2-3 teeth split, lateral veins 5-6 pairs. Terminal panicles larger, 5-15cm long, lower racemes shorter, pedicels and peduncles densely yellow-brown stellate pubescent; calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed; flowers white, 1.2-2.5cm long , 5-lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate; calyx and corolla densely covered with white stellate hairs; stamens 10, equal in length, filaments flattened, sparsely white stellate hairs, lower united tube; styles ca. 1.5 cm. The fruit is nearly spherical with a diameter of about 1 cm and is surrounded by stellate villi. Seeds ovate, chestnut brown, densely tuberced and stellate hairy. Flowering from April to June, fruiting from August to October.

A family of dicotyledonae, a tree or shrub, deciduous or evergreen. Plant parts are stellate hairs. Single leaves alternate. The flowers are medium-sized, bisexual, and radiantly symmetrical, arranged in an umbrella-like, racemose or panicle-like pattern; calyx 4--5 teeth, somewhat adnate to ovary; corolla 4- to 5-lobed, lower connate; stamens as much as corolla lobes. Alternate or twice its size, the filaments are placed on the base of the corolla tube, the anthers are 2 cells, and the introverts are longitudinal; the ovary is up to the lower half, usually the lower part is separated by 3 to 5 chambers, the upper chamber is 1 and the ovules are 1 to many. Usually a stone fruit, the outer skin is somewhat fleshy or dry, or a capsule, often 3-valved; seeds 1 to many, wingless or winged. Pollen grains flat or long spherical, with 3 (pseudo) pore ditch. Chromosomal base x=8-12. About 12 genera are more than 180 species.

Located in Southeast Asia to Malaysia, Southeastern United States to tropical and Mediterranean areas of South America. The genus Benoxylin is the only larger genera in the undergraduate school, with about 130 species, all over the distribution area of ​​the family. The rest are minor or oligospecies genus. The silver bellflowers are distributed intermittently in East Asia and North America. The distribution areas of other genera are all It is relatively narrow, of which only 8 are found in Asia. There are 9 genera and about 54 species in China, which are mainly distributed in various provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River. The genus Acura and Lilium is an endemic genus. In addition, the endemic genus distributed from China to the northern edge of the Indochina peninsula is the genus Alder (see color illustration insert page 117), genus Jasminum, jasmine, and papaya.

Undergraduates are adapted to insect-borne pollination with flowers of a light and fragrant nature; seeds are usually distributed by means of birds or small mammals, and some seeds are small and winged. When the capsule is split, the seeds spread with the wind. Fossils of the genus Benoxypsis from the undergraduate family are found in the Oligocene sediments of the Mediterranean area, and fossils of this genus are also found in sediments of the Pliocene and Late Pleistocene in Japan.

Undergraduate plants are ornamental species; benzoin from Sumatra is the main source of the famous benzoin resin, containing sumaresinolic acid, coniferyl cinnamate, lubanyl cin-namate, benzoic acid, and cinnamon. Cinnamic acid; Medicinal benzoin (Styrax officinalis) in the Mediterranean area can extract benzoin; Alder tree is soft and used as a matchstick; Many types of seeds can be pressed to make soap or as a lubricant. .

Undergraduate famous plant Vietnam benzoin arbors, trunk straight; produced in China Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan; Vietnam and northern Thailand also; its resin can be used on behalf of Benzoin resin, cure stroke fainting, confidants, pain, there is open, scheduled Blood effect.

The undergraduate school is an extremely natural group. It is closely related to Persimmon and Hawthorne in its genetic relationship, but it is monophyletic or heterozygous in the Persimmon family. The ovary is completely separated, and the ovary is completely sub-divided in the hawthorn. Most stamens

Medicinal properties: The product is a mass of spherical particles pressed into a mass, ranging in size, outside the red-brown to gray-brown, embedded with yellow-white and gray opaque almond-like particles, the surface roughness is not smooth. It is brittle at room temperature and softens when heated. Aromatic and slightly spicy.


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