1. Rice blast Rice blast, also known as rice fever, can be divided into nursery, leaf mites, ear stalks, stalks, and mites according to the time and location of the damage. Nursery: The base is grayish black, the upper part is brown, and the crusting is dead. When the humidity is high, the disease part produces a large number of gray-black mold layers, and the leaf axils can occur throughout the growth period. The tillering to the jointing period is more serious. Thrift: A small brown spot on the rice knot, and then gradually expands around the knot, making the diseased part black and easy to break. Early formation of white ears occurs. The stalk is bent only on one side. Panicle neck: Initially formed a small brown spot, after the release, the neck of the ear is browned, also causing white ears. The late onset caused Shibuya. Damage to the stems or cobs causes the spikelets to be unreal. Grain mites: Produce brown ovals or irregular spots that darken the rice. Some gems are asymptomatic, and the gems are browned, causing the seeds to be bacteria. Control methods: use resistant varieties; rational fertilization, increase application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; scientific irrigation and drainage; 2 to 3 days before the break, use 40% Fuji No. 1 emulsifiable concentrate per acre 75-100 ml or 20% tricyclazole 100 g of wet powder is mixed with 20 g of iodine alginic acid, 50-75 kg of water is added, and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days. 2, rice bacterial blight Symptoms: mainly occur in leaves and sheaths. At the beginning, a translucent yellow spot is produced on the leaf margin, and then a corrugated yellow-green or gray-green lesion develops along one side or both sides of the vein or along the midrib; the diseased part and the healthy part are clearly marked; after a few days, the lesion turns grayish white. And curled inward. When the air is wet, wet turbid water drops or honey yellow gums are secreted on the leaf edges of fresh lesions. After drying, they form hard particles and are easy to fall off. Control method: use resistant varieties; use 1% zhongshengmycin 50 times soaking seeds for 24 hours to disinfect; cultivate disease-free sorghum; 7-10 days before transplanting, use 20% leaf cumin WP for 500 times per acre The liquid mixed races are sprayed with alginic acid iodine. After flooding, the flooded rice fields should be sprayed in time to protect the seedlings from alginic acid. 3. Rice sheath blight Symptoms of the disease: The leaf sheath produces dark green water-immersed edges with blurred small spots, which gradually enlarge into an elliptical or cloud-like shape. When the disease is severe, several lesions fuse to form large lesions, which are irregularly shaped with moiré, often causing leaves. The yellow leaves are dead; when the leaves are fast, the lesions are stained green and the leaves are quickly rotted. Stem stalks often fail to head, and a layer of white powdery mildew is produced on the lesions under high temperature conditions. Control method: sputum sclerotia, reduce bacterial source; can not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; reasonable close planting, reasonable irrigation, shallow water irrigation, moderate drying, reduce field humidity; spray 30% before sealing to maturity Sclerotia net WP 800 ~ 1 000 times mixed with sodium alginate spray 3 to 4 times. 4, rice flax spot Symptoms of the disease: the seed is germinated, the bud sheath becomes brown, the bud is not extracted, and the cotyledon is dead. At the onset of seedlings and leaf sheaths at the seedling stage, the lesions expanded into strips, and the seedlings died when there were many lesions. The leaves of adult plants are brown with edges, and when they are severe, they become irregular large spots. The diseased leaves are dried inward by the tip of the leaf, and the tide is brown, and black mold is produced on the dead seedling. The leaf sheath is stained with water and stains, and then becomes an irregular large spot with a central gray-brown color. The affected part of the neck and branches is dark brown, causing the ear to dry. The grain is grayed out and grayish black is spread to the whole grain to cause Shibuya. When the climate is humid, the disease minister has a black velvet mold layer. Control method: good seed disinfection, increase the application of the rushing road with soil to add, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; 20% Jinggangmycin wettable powder 1000 times liquid mixed flower and fruit doctor can multi-element spraying. 5, rice stripe disease Symptoms: In the early stage of rice growth, the first leaves under the heart and the heart of the rice showed a yellowish tinged line, which gradually expanded to irregular yellow long stripes, and the heart leaves twisted or died, becoming a false heart. "Finally, the whole plant dead; late rice growth, flag leaf sheath and sword chlorotic yellow or yellowish-white, often ear disease in a tight sheath difficult to extract, dry booting into the rice seed is not normal, on rice yield great. Control methods: plowing and planting, to reduce the number of planthopper winter; clearing roadside ditch Tanabe weeds; selection of resistant varieties; Enrichment Defu Seoul drip irrigation fertilizer, avoid partial nitrogen; early seedling stage and Honda, with per mu 50% metolcarb 1000 times 50 kg, or 2% isoprocarb thousand gram powder 2 water spray. 6, rice bacterial leaf streak Onset of symptoms: major damage leaves, and sometimes damage the sheath. The lesion occurs between the veins and leaves, and is initially a dark green water-stained small spot. After expansion, it is restricted by the veins to form dark green streaks. It is transparent to light, about 10 mm long and about 1 mm wide. The surface of the lesion is often secreted. There are many yellow pus, which are yellow gum-like granules after dry knotting. Control method: good seed disinfection; 50% dexamethasone 500-600 times mixed fruit and fruit doctor can multi-element spray, start spraying at the heading stage, and apply 1 time after 7 days. 7, rice seedling disease Symptoms: The disease can occur from the seedling stage to the heading stage. The color of the diseased seedlings is yellowish green, which is higher and weaker than the healthy seedlings. The leaves are long and narrow, and the roots are poorly developed. Characteristics of the disease: The pathogen is overwintered on the diseased rice straw or the seed itself is brought into bacteria, which becomes the source of initial infection. The pathogen is immersed from the wound into the base of the seedling stem and spreads through irrigation water and rainwater. Control methods: 1. Choose non-sick varieties to avoid seeding in the diseased fields and their nearby fields; 2. Seed disinfection, disinfection with carbendazim, weight hundred grams, strong chlorine, etc., the key is disinfection; The diseased plant was found and immediately removed. 8. Rice rice smut Hazard to individual grains, the mycelium is formed in the grain at the beginning, gradually increasing, so that the inner and outer gems open, revealing a pale yellow mass, that is, the pathogen spore. Control methods: 1. Select resistant varieties; 2. Seed disinfection, same with rice blast, sheath blight; 3. Combined with control of sheath blight, spray Jinggangmycin 3 to 4 times after sealing to maturity. 9, rice leaf sheath corruption Symptoms (1) Leaves: Leaf sheath spoilage occurs mostly on the flag leaf sheath at the booting stage of rice. The initial symptoms are dark brown spots with blurred edges, and the small spots behind form a cloud-like lesion, resembling tabby; Continue to expand to the majority of the leaf sheath. (2) Ear: Some or all of the young panicles in the sheath are dead to become the dead ear; slightly lighter is the half-leaf-like shape of the neck. When it is wet, the diseased part is covered with powdery mildew, and the sheath leaf sheath is peeled off. The mycelium and powdery mildew are visible, which is the pathogen of the disease. Control method: Breeding resistant varieties; seed disinfection; if necessary, spray 50% benomyl WP 1500 times liquid mixed with alginic acid iodine. Spray once every 15 days for 1 or 2 consecutive times. 10, rice rotten Rotten cockroaches are collectively referred to as rotten species, rotten buds and dead saplings. One is caused by physiological factors, and the other is contagious rotten plaque caused by fungi. (1) Physiological rotten cockroaches: After sowing, the seeds do not germinate and gradually become black and rotten, that is, rotten seeds; before the roots, the young buds lick their feet, blackheads and black roots, and even rot and die, that is, rotten buds. Seedlings die in the 2-3 leaf stage, that is, dead seedlings. (2) Infectious rotten cockroaches 1 Qingqing type dead seedlings, the first tip of the diseased plant stops spitting water, then the heart leaves suddenly wilted, rolled into a tube shape, and then the lower leaves quickly squirted and smashed until the whole plant was stained green and died; the roots of the diseased plants were Dark color, rare root hair. 2 The yellow-wild dead seedling starts from the lower leaves and gradually turns yellow from the tip to the leaf base, and the upper leaves spread to the heart leaves. Finally, the base of the plant becomes brown and softened until the whole plant is yellow-brown and dead; the roots of the diseased plants are Dark color, rare root hair, easy to pull up. Control method: select good seeds and disinfection; timely ploughing and sowing; apply Duffel drip irrigation and fertilization, increase the application of phosphate fertilizer; scientifically manage water, regulate temperature difference: seedbed keeps germination moist, ensure sufficient oxygen in soil, seedlings one heart to three At the leaf stage, when the tip of the leaf does not spit water and sporadic curling leaves, the medicine can be sprayed in time. 50% dikesone WP 1000 times solution can be mixed with the fruit and fruit doctor to multi-element spray. If the condition is heavier, it can be increased appropriately. Dosage. 11. Rice bacterial brown spot disease Symptoms: The leaf spot is initially a brown water-stained small spot, which gradually enlarges. The center of the diseased spot becomes grayish brown and the leaves are partially necrotic. The affected leaf sheaths mostly occur on the stalk sheath. The primary red is short strips, and then merges into irregular large spots. The central tissue of the lesions also becomes gray-brown and necrotic. Peel the leaves and sheaths with dark brown streaks. Before the heading, the flag leaf sheath is severely affected, and the ear is often not extracted. Prevention and treatment method: Before the typhoon rain or the transit, the old ward is 70% liquid per acre (also known as killing the net) plastic suspension 500 times liquid mixed race alginate iodine, immediately comprehensive for the diseased or susceptible varieties Spray once, especially in flooded fields. Generally, it is sprayed once every 7-10 days, and the early onset is sprayed twice, and the onset is delayed once. 12, rice smut Symptoms of the disease: yellowish chlorotic spots appear at the tip of the seedling stage, gradually develop toward the base, forming yellow leaves of the mesophyll, and then the whole leaves turn yellow, upward and vertical, withered and drooping. The plants are short, not divided, and the roots are short. After the tillering, the disease is not normal and the head is firm. After the jointing, the heading was late, the ear line was small, and the fruiting was poor. Control methods: use disease-resistant varieties and disinfection, strengthen seed quarantine; water and drought rotation; increase the application of the Chongzhi Road with soil, plus nitrogen fertilizer; use 25% triadimefon WP 1 000 times mixed fruit and fruit doctors can be more The element is used for the first time in the production of the flowering period, the flowering period and the filling stage. After the female is threshed, most of the granules become lower, and these swells are burned out. 13, rice dwarf disease Symptoms of the disease: mainly harmful to the grain. After the grain is infested, the symptoms are not obvious at first, and it is no different from normal grain. It shows symptoms in the middle and late stages of the disease. There are three types of symptoms: The color of the grain is normal, the sap is naturally cracked, and the black granules are exposed. The hand pressure is light, and if the rain and humidity are high, the granules are broken, and the black powdery scorpion spores are scattered. The color of the grain is normal, and the outer lining of the outer stalk is cracked near the stalk. The red or white tongue is present, and the glume adheres to the black powder. The color of the grain is dark green, the appearance is like green granules, it does not crack, the hand is pinched with a soft feeling, soaked in clear water and turned black. Control method: contiguous planting, contiguous harvesting, timely prevention and control of black-tailed spider mites. Eliminate weeds such as Mai Niang and lower the source of wintering insects. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time. Actively control the transmission of insects. This article URL: What are the symptoms of pests and diseases that are prone to occur in rice planting in 2017? Zhoushan Fudan Tourism CO., LTD , https://www.fudanfood.com