Discussion on the efficient cultivation mode of fruit-type cucumber

The best results are "planting density (35 centimeters and 50 centimeters) + whole branches and tops + foliar fertilizers"

â–¡ Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The fruit-type cucumber is a small cucumber variety that has been popularized and cultivated in recent years. Its main advantage is that the melon strip is straight, 15-20 cm long, and the single melon weighs about 100 grams. The skin color is bright green, and the epidermis is smooth and free of thorns. Or less thorns, crisp taste, suitable for fresh food and flooded, product demand. At present, its planting area has accounted for about 30% of the cultivated area of ​​cucumber facilities.

However, growers generally report that fruit-type cucumbers are small, production is generally low, and malformed melons are more. In response to these problems, the Institute of Vegetables of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out the above-mentioned research on the effect of the above factors on the yield and quality of fruit-type cucumbers. The experiments showed that the selection of varieties is very important, and the excellent varieties are the key to high yield and stability. The fruit-type cucumber variety Luzhen 1 The yield is the highest, and it is suitable for different seasons; the planting pattern is “planting density (35 cm 50 cm) + full side branch top + foliar fertilizer”, the best; if not, the planting density is 40 cm. 50 cm is better, mainly because the density affects the ventilation and light transmission of the plants; the foliar fertilizer plays a significant role in the cultivation of cucumbers in the facility cultivation, but special attention should be paid to the concentration when applying it. The test is performed on a green Fenway No. 2 1000 times + potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 800 times the best combination of spray treatment effect, the concentration is too large often lead to poor plant growth, malformation and more, affect the yield and quality of commercial melon.

First, materials and methods

1. Test materials: The fruit-type cucumber varieties tested include Green Zhen No. 1 (selected by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences), New Combination No. 5 (selected by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Cui Xiu (selected by Taiwan), and Kappa. Midsummer (selected in Japan), all four varieties are suitable for protected cultivation.

2. Test method: The experiment was conducted in a multi-story shed at the Dafeng Base of the Institute of Vegetable Research of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2005 to 2006. The river was mixed with mushroom slag as a cultivation substrate. According to the variety and cultivation season, planting density, whole plant method and foliar fertilizer treatment were tested separately, each treatment 3 times repeated, the area of ​​5.6 square meters, double row planting.

1 Different varieties and cultivation seasons Four varieties of green cultivar No.1, new combination No.5, Cuixiu and Hetong summer were planted in the spring of 2005, autumn of 2006, and winter, respectively. get on. After harvesting, the cucumber yield of each variety was statistically compared.

2 Different planting density test trials were conducted in the winter of 2006. The test cultivar was Zhenzhen No. 1. The planting density was set at 3 cm, 50 cm, 35 cm, 50 cm and 40 cm and 50 cm, and the cultivation and management were conducted according to conventional greenhouses. Management proceeded. After harvesting, the cucumber yield and commodity melon rate of each treatment were counted.

3 Different pruning test trials were conducted in the spring of 2005. The test cultivar was Zhenzhen No. 1 and the whole branches were set in the pruning method (all the following 8 branches were removed, and the branches were left in the 8th section and 2 branches were left on each side). Picking (in addition to the entire lateral branches, the top section around the 32nd section), no pruning (natural state, CK) and other three treatments, other cultivation management according to conventional greenhouse management. After harvesting, the cucumber yield and commodity melon rate of each treatment were counted.

4 Different foliar fertilizer treatment test trials were conducted in the autumn of 2006. The test cultivar was Zhenzhen No. 1, which was set to be 1,000 times the green fenwei 2, 800 times the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1000 times the fenfenwei 2 + dihydrogen phosphate. 800 times potassium (abbreviated as liquid mixture), clear water (CK) and other four treatments. The spraying time of each treatment was the same, that is, spraying 1st in the flowering period, 2nd spraying after 7 days, 3rd spraying during the harvest period, 4th spraying during the middle and late growth period, and other cultivation and management were conducted according to conventional greenhouse management. After harvesting, the cucumber yield and commodity melon rate of each treatment were counted.

Second, results and analysis

1. Effect of different varieties and different cultivation seasons on the yield of fruit-type cucumber: The results of the investigation on the yields of four fruit-type cucumber varieties planted in different seasons showed that the yields of spring, autumn, and winter planting of Green Zhen No. 1 had the highest performance. The annual yield in spring was significantly higher than that of the cultivated control species, Hetuo, in the middle of the summer. In the fall of 2006, the yield was significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that Green Zhen No. 1 was suitable for planting in different seasons; the new combination No. 5 and Tsui The two varieties belong to the Dutch minitype, and their yield under the same cultivation conditions is lower than that of the control species Hetong Midsummer and Green Zhen No. 1 (except for the 2006 winter new combination No. 5 which is slightly higher than the control species), mainly because of its commodity. The melons are small and only 12-13 cm long.

2. Effects of different planting densities on fruit-type cucumber yield and commodity melon rate: The test results showed that the planting density of fruit-type cucumbers was the most suitable for 35 cm and 50 cm, with the highest yield. The yield per mu was 3140.7 kg, and the planting density was 30 cm. The lowest yield was 50 cm, followed by 40 cm and 50 cm; the highest commodity density was 40 cm and 50 cm (89.1%), followed by 35 cm and 50 cm. The lowest was 30 cm and 50 cm. . It can be seen that the higher the planting density, the lower the rate of commercial melons. Based on the test results of the combined output of fruit-type cucumbers and commercial melons, it is recommended that 35 cm and 50 cm be the optimum planting density for greenhouse conservation.

3. Effect of different pruning methods on fruit-type cucumber yield and commodity melon rate: The investigation results of the fruit-type cucumber yield under each pruning method showed that the “all side branch + picking top” treatment was the most suitable pruning method for fruit-type cucumber, and its yield The highest rate of melons and commercial melons was 3121.4 kilograms per mu, and the rate of commodity melons was also 88.2%; followed by the whole lateral branches; the output without pruning was the lowest, and the commodity melon rate was the lowest (only 84.9%).

4. Effect of different foliar fertilizer treatments on fruit-type cucumber yield and commodity melon rate: The experiment showed that the effect of increasing production with the mixture of green Fenwei No. 2 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was most obvious, and the yield per mu was 24.9% higher than that of the control. , reached a very significant level; Green Fenwei No. 2 1000 times the treatment effect of the second; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 800 times third. The results of statistical analysis showed that the yield of cucumbers treated with three foliar fertilizers was significantly higher than that of the control, but there was no significant difference in the treatment of foliar fertilizers. It shows that as long as the concentration of foliar fertilizer is well controlled, it has a significant effect on increasing the total unit yield of cucumber. The test results also show that there is no significant difference in the commodity melon rate between the treatment and the control.

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