Brain tumors are the most common tumors in childhood and are the leading cause of disease-related deaths in children. Many previous studies have focused on complex biological processes involving pediatric brain tumors, but few have revealed the role that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play in pediatric tumorigenesis. In this study, researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University used miRNAs chip technology to screen the expression profiles of miRNAs in pediatric gliomas and matched normal tissue samples ( biochip services were completed by Lianchuan Bio ). In the study, 40 differentially expressed miRNAs were found, of which miR-1321, miR-513b, and miR-769-3p were first discovered to be closely related to cancer. The researchers further verified the differential miRNAs screened by qRT-PCR. In addition, through target gene prediction of 40 differential miRNAs and GO and pathway enrichment analysis, the target genes of these miRNAs are closely related to the nervous system and tumor-related biological processes and signal transduction pathways. This study provides a better idea for the biological research of pediatric brain tumors, and will help to develop a low toxicity treatment method for pediatric brain tumors. At the same time, the regulation of target genes can be enhanced or attenuated by miRNAs mimics and inhibitors, and it is expected to become a new anti-tumor therapy. * Liu F, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Tao L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, Feng G, Li B, He L. (2013) Identification of aberrant microRNA expression pattern in pediatric gliomas by microarray.  Diagnostic Pathology  158. [abstract]
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