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Occurrence and Control of Grape White Rot Disease
Grape white rot, also known as scratch disease and water rot, is one of the major diseases in grape production. Harmful fruit, cobs, shoots, leaves. In case of high temperatures and rain, serious damage may result. I. Symptoms of disease White rot of grapes damages ears, shoots, and leaves, and fruits and cobs suffer severe damage. The fruit is damaged and usually occurs at the tip of the ear close to the ground, and the disease begins on the small pedicel or cob. The initial stage is light brown, water stained, irregular lesions, and gradually spread to the entire ear; the incidence of fruit, first The brownish soft rot from the base quickly turns the whole fruit light yellow-brown soft rot, and the surface of the fruit is covered with small, slightly protruding dots (the conidia of the germ). During the wet season, the surface of the damaged soft fruit is broken, overflowing with yellowish mucus. When the disease is severe, the whole ear rots, the stems of the fruit stems dry and shrink, and when the fruit is affected by the shock, the diseased ear can easily become de-watered, or the dehydration shrinks. An angular, stiff fruit hangs on the board. The onset of new shoots often occurs on the wounds, buds, or on the rough parts near the ground. The lesions are light reddish-brown and irregularly water-stained at the beginning, and have dark-brown edge rot patches. The lesions expand vertically and horizontally and gradually expand into dark brown depressions. , Irregular large spots, lesions close to the surface stained white small particles that conidia. In the late stage of development of the lesion, the diseased skin was longitudinal fissured. One week after the lesions surrounded the branches, the diseased part collapsed, and its upper branches and leaves gradually died from yellowing. The incidence of leaf blade mostly begins with tip and leaf margin. The initial stage is light brown, water-stained, near-circular or unplanned spots, and gradually expands into large lesions with concentric entrapment, with the stained white particles on them. The majority of leaves and veins are on both sides. The late lesions were dry, cracked, and even the whole leaf died. Second, the incidence of the law 1. Winter pathogens with molecular spores and mycelium with the disease in the surface and soil winter. Germs can be rotted in soil for 1 to 2 years. 2. The pathogenic bacteria that overwintering cycle form conidiospore and molecular spores when the environmental conditions are appropriate in the second year of spring. The conidia spread with wind, rain and insects and invade through wounds or lenticels, causing initial impregnation; Conidia were produced on lesions and re-infested; multiple infestations occurred during the grape growing period. The incubation period is 5 to 10 days. 3. Incidence conditions 1 climatic conditions. High temperature and high humidity are major factors in the occurrence and prevalence of diseases. From June to August, the high temperature and rain are generally suitable for the occurrence of diseases. In early and late June, the initial stage of the disease, with the increase of temperature and humidity and the gradual increase of the exudation of the ear, the degree of disease after the coloring period increased. 2 invasion pathway. The bacteria invade through wounds, lenticels, and water holes, and the wounds caused by machinery, storms, and hail create conditions for the invasion of germs. 3 the site of the disease. Occurred in 40 cm below the ground. 4 other. Varieties, soil viscosity, low-lying land, poor drainage, weeds, poor ventilation and light orchards are susceptible to disease. Third, the prevention and control methods 1. Agricultural control law 1 removal of pathogens. Before winter burial, the garden was completely cleared, the diseased skin was scraped off, and all the diseased tissues were burned out in the park; after unearthing, the diseased branches and vines were removed in time and the diseased leaves were taken out of the garden to reduce the infection of the bacteria. 2 Scientific management. Increase organic fertilization, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, increase tree vigor, improve disease resistance of plants, improve result location, carry bagging of fruits, pick up hearts in time, cut sub tips, tie vines, make the branches and leaves have good ventilation and light transmission, and do a good job of orchard drainage. , Eradicate weeds, reduce the humidity in the field, and reduce the chance of pathogen infection. 2. Chemical control method 1 Soil treatment. Before the occurrence of the disease, according to Fu Mei pairs: sulfur powder: lime 1:1:2 ratio mixed evenly, sprinkled on the ground, the amount of 1 to 2 kg per acre; can also be a uniform ground to promote seedlings to promote a layer of white ash. 2 plants spraying. Before the germination of the grape, it is used as a 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur agent; 50% sulfur suspension agent is sprayed at 200 times in the bud germination stage; and 50% Cefixan wettable powder 200 times solution is effective at eradicating the pathogen; Early onset of medication, spraying after the rain, every 10 to 15 days 1, until the withdrawal 10 days before the withdrawal, pay attention to spray ear. Pharmaceuticals include half 200ml Bordeaux fluid, 500 times more abundance agriculture, 800 times quicker spirit, 2500 times myclobutanil, 50% more WP wettable powder 1000 times, 50% WP 800 times, 75 times % chlorothalonil WP 800 times.