Soybean,also called
soya Bean, is one of the important food crops in China, has five thousand years
of cultivation history. It`s commonly
used to do all kinds of bean products, to extract soybean oil, brewing soy
sauce and extraction of proteins. Bean dregs or soybean powders are also
frequently used in livestock feed. Among 100 grams of soy are protein 36.3
grams, 18.4 grams fat, 25.3 g sugar, 412 kilocalorie quantity of heat, calcium,
phosphorus 571 mg, 367 mg iron 11 mg, 0.79 mg 0.4 mg carotene, vitamin B1,
vitamin B2 0.25 mg, 2.1 mg niacin. Soy contains many kinds of the human body necessities
such as amino acid, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, microelement,
vitamin and high quality protein, is very helpful food for the liver, high blood pressure,
arteriosclerosis, heart disease and other cardiovascular.
Bean Healthy Nutritious Self-planted Dried Soybean China Chongqing Pangfanyi Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.pangfany.com
Second, the requirements of environmental conditions
1. Temperature. The optimum temperature for germination is 25°C. It is difficult to germinate below 15°C. The optimum temperature during the growth period of the plants is 22-28°C during the night and 15-20°C during the night. When the temperature is lower than 15°C or higher than 35°C, flowering and pollination are not normal, and flowering and fruiting are often caused.
2. Lighting. In short-day crops, the flowering results are early and normal under light conditions of 10 to 12 hours per day, but they can also adapt to longer sunshine. Moderate intensity of light is required. Insufficient illumination will reduce the fruit setting rate; direct sunlight will lead to slower plant growth and fruit prone to sunburn.
3. Moisture. The root system is weak, and it is neither drought tolerant nor tolerant. It requires regular supply of water to grow well. However, water cannot accumulate in the fields, and the plants will wilt when there is little water in the field, and they die in severe cases.
4. Soil. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict, and sandy soil, loam soil and clay loam can all be planted. However, the pepper plants cultivated under poor soil conditions are small and compact, with few and concentrated results. The pepper color is thick, and the capsaicin content is high and the quality is good. Gaoshan District is preferred for loam or sandy loam which is characterized by high topography, deep plowing layer, good air permeability, good fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation, and avoids the use of low-lying plots, and avoids continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops. Land preparation should meet the standards of "ground, earth, smashing, and squatting." Even with a groove width of 1.2 meters, ridge width of 90 cm, a width of 30 to 40 cm, a depth of 25 cm, the height error shall not exceed 5 cm.
Third, the cultivation techniques
1. Nursery transplanting. In spring, the seedlings are planted in the spring equinox until the Ching Ming, and in the summer, they are planted in the Ching Ming to Gu Yu. Plastic film covering seedlings, seedling age 30 to 45 days. In the seedlings 2 true leaves and 4 true leaves before and after the seedlings 1 times, Liumiao standard is 3 to 4 cm Liumiao 1 seedlings, leaving about 600 per square meter. After the seedlings are 5-6 cm in height, the seedlings shall be gradually ventilated, the height of the seedlings shall be controlled, the resistance shall be improved, and the survival rate of transplanting shall be guaranteed. Seedling height 10 to 12 cm, 6 to 7 true leaves, transplanted when the buds appear, spring planted in the valley from the rain to the beginning of the summer season; summer planting time should not be too late, early planting high yield, Pingnan high mountain area to 6 It is advisable to finish the plant before the first day of the month. Before transplanting, pepper field will be ploughed 30 cm deep, smooth and fine, with 4,000 kg of high quality manure, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer applied per acre, evenly applied to fields, fertilizer, compound fertilizer. Focus on the transplant ditch. Line spacing 45 cm, spacing 40 cm, planting 1500 ~ 2000 per acre. Pepper seedlings are afraid of the roots. The seedlings must be irrigated before raising the seedlings. The seedlings should be soiled as soon as possible. The root water should be poured immediately after planting, and the mulch or plastic film should be covered after pouring.
2. Field management. In the plots that are not covered with mulch or agricultural film, the peppers should be smashed 3 or 4 times continuously after the saplings are raised to increase the ground temperature and promote root sag. Before and after flowering, the old leaves and the tillers below the door pepper are all removed to facilitate ventilation and lightening of the fields and to prevent the delivery of the following peppers. Before the rainy season comes, the soil should be ridged to facilitate drainage. Water is treated in a timely manner, and the water is drained immediately after the rain. The growth of pepper is mainly based on basal-fertilizer. When the basal fertilizer is insufficient, topdressing should be carried out before earth-cultivation. 25 kg of potassium sulfate-based compound fertilizer and 500 gram of composite boron are mixed with 250 kg of soil-mixed fertilizer per acre. Zinc fertilizer, plan a small hole on the side of the plant, cover compaction, should pay attention not to hurt the root system.
3. Pest control. The major pests and diseases are bacterial wilt, anthrax, umbilical rot, virus disease, and red spider, larvae, and bollworms.
1 Bacterial wilt. At the beginning of the disease, 72% of agricultural streptomycin or 20% of Yeqingshuang 800-time solution was used for rooting, or Kangdilai (0.1 billion cfu/g of Bacillus mucilaginosus) wettable powder 1.5 kg/mu liquid irrigation. Roots, poured about 250 ml per plant, every 3 to 5 days and then poured once. When the diseased plant emerges, it should be promptly removed, and appropriate amount of quicklime should be thrown around the diseased area to prevent the spread of germs.
2 anthrax. After the initial flowering, it was prevented with a 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture and sprayed once every 7-10 days. After the lesion is found, it can be sprayed with 80% mancozeb WP 800 times or 70% thiophanate WP 600 to 800 times.
3 umbilical rot. After spraying, peppers are sprayed with 0.1% high-calcium boron to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizers, and more decomposed organic fertilizers are used. Plants do not leave too much fruit to avoid competition for calcium between fruits. From the young fruit stage, spraying 0.1% Calcium Nitrate, Borax, Zinc Sulfate, and Copper Sulphate are added to 6,000-fold more fluids, sprayed 5 to 10 days, and sprayed 3 to 5 times.
4 virus disease. Should be prevention-based, in the timely prevention and control of aphids, such as Laodelphax and other transmission medium, at the time of pepper seedlings and after planting a timely application of 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times or 20% virus killer 400 to 600 times Liquid control, spray once every 5 to 7 days.
5 Red spider (Cockroach). To clear the field weeds and debris, eliminate the source of insects. At the beginning of the outbreak, 40% gold scorpion (No. 1) or 15% sulphate 3000 times spray, every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times.
6 Hippophae, cotton bollworm. Can be used Sweet and sour liquid, black light and other trapping, chemical control should be in the larval hatching peak to the 2nd instar application of the larvae before destroying the capsule. The agent can be selected from 20% viscous, DuPont "Kangkuan" 4000 times solution (20% Chlorantraniliprole Suspension), or 1.2% bitter oil EC 800 times.
4. Harvest. The peppers can be harvested many times until the frosty season. In case of dry years, the harvest time can be advanced before and after the autumnal equinox, and should be harvested after the peppers turn red. After harvesting, it is naturally air-dried under well-ventilated conditions, then graded, packaged, and sold.
Pepper and open cultivation techniques
First, botany characteristics Pepper has obvious main roots and a lot of lateral roots and root hairs. After the main roots are injured, the lateral roots occur faster, so the survival rate of transplanting is higher. It is not easy to produce adventitious roots on stems. The Fruit is horn-shaped, 5 to 25 cm long, with fresh Green peppers, red or bright red after ripening, 35 days from planting to harvesting.