First, biological characteristics
Goji Berry ( [Goji" means [happy") , also called wolfberry, has been used for thousands of years by herbalists in China to protect the liver, help eyesight, boost immune function, improve circulation, and promote longevity and overall well being. It has only recently gained popularity in the west, it has become so polar, in fact, the Time Magazine recently named the Goji berry as [super-fruit" of the year. A big reason why Goji berries have quickly become a favorite nutritional supplement is that its impressive list of ingredients. The Goji berry, also called the wolfberry, is a bright purplish red or purple red berry that comes from a shrub that is native to China. In Asia, goji berries have been eaten for generation in the hope of living longer.
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1. Morphological characteristics Ear buds cup-shaped, yellow-brown with white fluff. After ripening, the gums of the ears are crispy, purple-brown on the ventral side, and turn black after drying. The back is white. The diameter of the ears is 8-43 cm, and the ears are rewinded when they are mature.
2, nutritional requirements White fungus is a wood rot fungus. The main raw materials for cultivation include hardwood sawdust, cottonseed husk, corn cob, bagasse, straw, wheat bran and rice bran. Hyphae can obtain nutrients by decomposing extracellular enzymes to degrade the matrix, and can use urea, as well as mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur.
3. Requirements for environmental conditions (1) Temperature. The temperature range of mycelial growth is 8-37°C, and the optimum temperature is 25-28°C. The temperature range for fruit body growth and development is 13-30°C, the optimum temperature is l8-22°C, and the ear growth rate is faster than 26°C, but Thin and red, poor product quality, slow growth below 15°C, stop growing below 10°C; (2) moisture. The moisture content of the raw material matrix is ​​about 58%, which cannot be higher than 60% or less than 55%; the relative humidity in the air during the germination period is about 75%; the fruiting body is 85%-90% in the development period. (3) Air. White fungus is an aerobic fungus. Ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened in both the anaemia stage and the ear stage. Especially after the formation of ear buds, if the ventilation is poor, the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, the ear piece is not easy to spread, and the chicken claw ear is formed "losing the value of the product. (4) Light. No light is needed for the growth of the mycelium, and the optimum light intensity during the growth period of the fruiting body It is 40-500 lux (5) Acidity and alkalinity, mycelium can grow between pH 4-7, and pH 5-6.5 is suitable.
Second, cultivation technology
1. PDA enrichment medium is better for parent species of strains; raw materials and cultivars can be made of sawdust, cottonseed husks, wheat, corn cobs, etc., as raw materials, prepared according to conventional methods, and the water content is 50%-60%. .
2. In the cultivation season, white fungus is a medium temperature type solid fungus, and in order to have a longer ear harvest period, it is generally based on autumn cultivation. All localities can select the best cultivation season according to the local weather data. When the natural temperature stabilizes at 23-25°C, the date is pushed forward for one month as the inoculation period.
3, bag production (1) culture material formula wood chips 85%, rice bran 85%; cotton shell 87%, wheat bran 10%; corncob 82%, rice bran 12%; rice straw (3-5 cm long) 40%, rice Shell l0%, cottonseed husk 20%, sawdust 12%, rice bran 15%. Gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, and water content 58%-60% were added to the above four formulations. The raw materials are fresh and free of mildew and insects. (2) Mixing and bagging A variety of raw and auxiliary materials will be weighed in proportion and fully mixed, lime will be dissolved in water, and then the mixture will be mixed with lime water to a suitable moisture content and then fermented for 3-4 days. The temperature of the reactor reached 65-70°C and the reactor was turned twice in the middle. After the end of the fermentation, a 33 cm x 17 cm x 0.05 cm low pressure polyethylene bag was charged. When loading, the material should be packed tightly so that it is appropriate to hold the bag in the hand without leaving the fingers. Each bag of dry material 0.4 kg, wet weight 0.9 kg, after putting on the bag loop, plug the tampon, immediately sterilized. (3) Sterilization and inoculation The bagging on the day should be sterilized by atmospheric pressure in the heavenly pot. The sterilization time is generally controlled at l00°C for 10-l2 hours. Strict control of sterilization time is the key to the success of cultivation. After the sterilization is completed, remove the stacking code in the inoculation room or plastics, seal and sterilize for 1 hour (4 g/m3 space) with the aerosol disinfectant, and use the full open inoculation after the material temperature is cooled to below 33°C. Inoculation method, this method inoculation speed, high efficiency, each bag cultivation can be connected to 40 bags of cultivation bags.
4. The main task of the germination management and germination period management is to regulate the temperature and humidity of the culture room and check and treat the bacteria. White fungus cultivation mainly depends on the natural climate to arrange production. During the germination season, the temperature is high, rainfall is high, and humidity is high. The management is mainly focused on cooling and dehumidification. The main measures are: to strengthen ventilation, often turn bags. This can cool down and dehumidify. Room temperature is controlled below 33°C and relative humidity is controlled within 80%. During the germination period, the inspection and treatment of the bacteria must not be ignored. If it is found that Trichoderma spp. should be cleared away or burned in time; the bacterial bags contaminated with green mold and flavus should be isolated and cultured to prevent spread.
5, ear management 30-35 days after inoculation, hyphae can be filled with bags. When the natural temperature is below 25°C, the ears can be opened in time. The method of opening the bag is to use a sharp knife to cut the bag mouth 1-2 cm from the top to bottom obliquely, so that the top of the bag has a 1-2 cm long cap and the bottom is flush with the material surface. Water does not accumulate in the mouth of the bag. After the bag is cut, the bag mouth and the bottom of the bag are cross-stitched and coded l0-15 stories high. At the same time, water management is strengthened to improve the environment humidity and proper ventilation. After entering the mature stage, when the ear rewinds, the amount of water spray is gradually reduced until the water is completely stopped for 2-3 days before harvesting.
6, harvest and dry when the ear rolled to 1/4-1/3 can be harvested. When harvesting, use a sharp knife to cut the large ear at the pedicle, leaving the small ear to continue growing, do not damage the material surface. After the ears have been harvested, the bottom of the bag is cut with a blade and ears can be eared in advance. Dried white fungus can only be dried in the sun and can also be sold fresh. A total of 5-7 ears can be harvested and the total bioconversion rate (yield) can reach more than 200%. A family grows 5,000 bags in one season, producing 4000-4500 kilograms of fresh ears.