0 Preface Computer technology, digital signal processing technology, and electronic technology have developed rapidly in recent years, and related fields have been promoted, and the development of the medical field has become more prominent. It can be seen that more and more high-tech electronic products appear in the field of medical technology, such as automatic biochemical analyzers, whole body gamma knife treatment systems, and multi-slice spiral CT and MRI. The application of sensors in the medical field is also the same. Very wide, the sensor can play an important role in sensing vital signs information, and is of great significance to promote the development of modern medicine. "One of the key scientific and technological projects of the Eighth Five-Year Plan" is the sensor, so researching sensors is the only way to develop contemporary medicine. 1 Sensor composition and classification The sensor usually consists of two parts, a conversion element and a sensitive element. The sensitive component is the part that can directly respond or feel the measured, and the conversion component is the part that converts the measured signal into an electrical signal. According to the classification method currently in common use, sensors can be classified into two categories, such as biosensors, physical sensors, and chemical sensors, all of which convert input signals into electrical signals; and torque sensors and speed sensors. , flow sensors, gas sensors and viscosity sensors, etc., these are classified according to the output. All of the above are sensors that are more popular and widely used, and have broad prospects for development in the future. In the past, doctors collected patient information in a relatively simple way, basically "seeking and asking" and simple checks. In the 1960s, China established medical engineering, and a variety of high-tech medical equipment was developed, which greatly enriched the way doctors collected patient information and improved the overall level of diagnosis and treatment. In the medical field, the sensor plays the role of "eyes and ears". The sensors are of various types and have different uses. According to the purpose of diagnosis and treatment, they can be divided into preventive sensors, inspection sensors, etc. According to different sampling methods, they can be divided into external sensors and internal sensors. According to the purpose of the inspection, it can be divided into a morphological sensor, a physiological function sensor, and a Linchuan chemical sensor. The purpose is different, the use is different, and the classification methods are not the same. 2 Biosensor applications There are many test methods in medicine. The general method is to test in the laboratory. However, this test method is cumbersome and takes a long time, and it can not meet the needs of modern clinical medicine. The appearance of biosensors has greatly changed this phenomenon. . A biosensor is a kind of chemical sensor. The core part is a sensitive element based on bioactive units such as cells, microorganisms, tissues, etc. The sensor captures the reaction between the primitive and the target and outputs it by electrical signal. Biosensors are widely used in the medical field because of their advantages of simple operation and less time. 2.1 Principle and structure The sensor contains bioactive materials such as antibodies, antigens, proteins, DNA or enzymes. After the substances to be tested enter the sensor, the molecules recognize and then react biologically and generate information. The information is converted into sound and light by chemical transducers or physical transducers. Signals such as electricity and electricity, the instrument outputs the signal, and we can get the concentration of the substance to be tested. The main components of the sensor are the susceptor and the transducer, which can then be processed by automated instrumentation and microelectronics to form a variety of instruments or systems. 2.2 Classification and characteristics According to the type of transducer, it can be divided into sonic sensors, semiconductor sensors, thermal sensors, impedance sensors, etc.; according to the classification of molecular recognition components, it can be divided into immunosensors, cell sensors and tissue sensors. Most of the traditional medical tests are enzyme analysis methods. This method is cumbersome and costly. The biosensor method is expensive, but it can be used multiple times. Biosensors have strong transferability, that is, only specific The substrate reacts regardless of its turbidity and color; in addition, the analysis speed is faster, and the result can be obtained in one minute; the error can be controlled within 1%, the accuracy can be guaranteed; and the operation is easier than the enzyme analysis method. Automated analysis is possible; biosensors are more efficient. All of the above are advantages of biosensors. 2.3 Use in the medical field There are many types of biosensors, and the following is an analysis of the use of several of these sensors in the medical field. 2.3.1 Microbial sensors The sensor of the microbial sensor is a membrane containing microorganisms. The working principle is that the microorganisms will consume dissolved oxygen in the solution to be tested, and release heat or light to achieve the purpose of quantitatively detecting the substance to be tested. Compared to enzyme sensors, microbial sensors are stable and less expensive to use, but they are used in less than enzyme sensors. The data show that microbial sensors can detect about 60 to 70 substances. Microorganisms are affected by the toxicity of the substance to be tested. This is the main factor affecting the accuracy and longevity of the sensor. This problem has been solved and the marketization of microbial sensors is just around the corner. 2.3.2 Enzyme sensor The sensor's sensitive element is an immobilized enzyme, and the use of an enzyme sensor does not require a lot of effort to extract the enzyme. Clinically, biochemical indicators such as urea, glucose, lactic acid, and asparagine can be used to measure enzymes. For example, the current glucose enzyme sensor has been developed to the fourth generation, and its application range is wide, and the international lactate sensor technology has been quite mature. Clinically, it is necessary to perform renal function diagnosis in order to test the renal function of the patient, and then perform manual dialysis in a targeted manner. In this case, a urea sensor is used. Enzyme sensors have been studied for a long time and development time, and there are more than 200 enzyme sensors on the market. 2.3.3 Gene sensor Gene sensors are a kind of sensor that has emerged in recent years, but the technology is advanced. There are many experts and scholars at home and abroad to study genetic sensors, and it has become one of the research hotspots. The basis of the gene sensor is high hybridization specificity. Generally, there are about 30 nucleotide single-stranded nucleic acid molecules on the gene sensor, and the target nucleic acid molecule is determined by hybridization with the target sequence. Nowadays, the genetic sensors that are researched and used more are DNA sensors, which are mainly used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV and hepatitis B virus, so as to achieve the purpose of diagnosing diseases.
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