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Cultivation of edible cacti in protected areas
First, the breeding method The edible cactus is vegetatively propagated, does not depend on the seed to breed, the seedling is the palm piece. Use a plant that grows for 1 to 2 years or more. When the sprouts grow for 1 year and the leaves are relatively full, cut them with a knife and let them dry in a dry place for several days. After the wounds are slightly dry, they can be cut. If properly managed, the temperature is appropriate, the edible cactus can reproduce 3 to 4 times in 1 year, and each seedling can reproduce 5 to 6 new shoots per seedling. Each seedling can produce more than 2 kilograms of tender pieces, which can be continuously harvested. ~15 years. Second, the finely-prepared edible cactus has a high density of cultivation and therefore requires a fine soil preparation. The sandy soil is the best soil. If it is clay, the sand must be reconstructed. Soil ph6-7 is appropriate. In order to obtain high yields of cacti, full-grown organic fertilizer must be applied during land preparation. The fertilization amount per mu is about 5000 kg. Two weeks before the planting, it is necessary to clear the garden in advance, deep plowing and drying ventilation, in order to achieve the purpose of sterilization and loose soil. Third, cultivate stilts In order to facilitate field management and improve ground temperature, protective land should be cultivated using sorghum. When you make a jealousy, follow the definite line to open the ditch. It is 25 centimeters high, 80 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters wide. Fourth, reasonable colonization (1) planting time. Protected cultivation can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. After the frost breaks in mid-April and mid-April, the 10 cm soil temperature in the protected area should not be lower than 10°C, and the average daily temperature should be about 20°C. It is advisable to plant the plant at night when the temperature is not lower than 15°C. (2) Planting methods. Protected cultivation uses cuttings and legal plants. Cuttings should be selected on sunny days to ease the seedlings. The depth of cutting depends on the size of the seed. Generally, the depth of the soil is 2/5 or 1/3 of the seed. Attention should be paid to three points when planting: First, the bottom of the piece should be downwards and not to be turned upside down. Second, the north and the south of the piece must be vertically oriented. That is, the stem piece should be inclined to the east and one side to the west so that the stem piece can be evenly distributed on the upper and lower sides. The third is to adopt single-row planting. (3) Planting density. Edible cacti protected planting density, generally larger than the open field cultivation, spacing of 30 to 35 centimeters, spacing 100 cm, planting about 2000 per acre, planting line for the north-south direction. Fifth, water and fertilizer management (1) watering. When planting, soil moisture should be well grasped, and it is advisable to keep it handy. Do not water the cactus before planting without rooting. After rooting, add moisture according to seedling growth and soil moisture. The water should be watered in a timely manner when the soil under the surface of the table is not 5 cm. Watering generally adopts furrow irrigation method, and the water depth in the furrow does not cover the thickness of the seeds. The watering should be carried out early or late. The principle of watering is: no drought, no pouring, pouring is poured. In areas and seasons where rainfall is heavy, necessary rain protection measures and increased drainage facilities must be taken to prevent water accumulation in the protected areas. (2) Fertilization. The basal fertilizer is applied to the soil during soil preparation. Top dressing is performed 4 to 5 months after the seedlings are planted according to the situation. The edible cactus enters the period of vigorous growth. The fertilization method is applied by ditching or hole casting. Gully is a small ditch with a depth of 15 to 20 cm on both sides of the ditch and ditch. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer that has been decomposed into the ditch is evenly scattered into the ditch, and then the cover is buried. Acupuncture is to dig a hole in the middle of the plant and spread the fertilizer into the hole and lay it flat. 6. Pruning and budding Pruning is done through proper adjustment of sprouts and tender stems of the edible cactus, so that it has a reasonable nutritional form, and is evenly distributed in the field, improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions, and controls the over-prosperous growth of buds. Reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote the development of useful stems and a new generation of germination, and the budding and pruning are mainly carried out in three aspects: First, the number of budding. Determine how many shoots each palm retains, mainly based on the size of the mother slice, the growth of the plant, and the level at which it is located. Generally, the first palm slides (ie, seeds) are only selected to maintain 3 to 4 strong and vigorous shoot cultures; the second generation and more generations of palm slides should be based on the size of the nutrition space and can retain 2 to 4 tender leaves. stem. A small number of tender stems will affect the yield; if the number is too large, it will cause nutrient dispersion, the growth and development of stem slices will be insufficient, and the growth will be slow. The second is the orientation and growth position of the stem. The palm piece that should be retained must have at least three conditions: the palm piece direction should be the same as the parent piece piece direction; the palm piece piece should be grown on both sides of the mother piece in the longitudinal position and the top; the growth and development should be robust and evenly distributed. Third, the deformity of the deformity, the weak growth, the sprout of the palm base, and the tender stems with spots and lesions should be completely removed in time to avoid nutritional waste and affect the growth of other stems. 7. The best period for harvesting the harvested vegetables is to grow the tender pieces for 22 to 35 days, picking them too early, affecting the yield, and picking too late, affecting the quality and taste of the vegetables. The harvest time is appropriate before 9:00am because the cactus tender piece has a large surface area and is susceptible to wilting after being exposed to the sun. This will affect the price. The following matters need to be noted when harvesting vegetables: one is to protect the harvested plants; the other is to keep the picked vegetable pieces a little on the mother slice; third is to prevent mechanical damage on the vegetable slices when harvesting; and fourthly, to have injuries and diseases. Spots and insect patches of the tender piece should not be used as a vegetable film; Fifth, after spraying pesticides 7 to 10 days can not harvest vegetables; Sixth, harvesting vegetables should be combined with the fixed bud pruning, do not blindly indiscriminate. Do not pile together after the harvest, should be placed in a cool place grading packaging. If it cannot be sold immediately, it must be pre-cooled. Edible cacti can be stored at room temperature for 4 to 7 days.