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Management measures for high reproductive performance of sows
1. Measures to increase the number of litters 1.1 Increase the number of ovulation of sows The practice has proved that the short-term superior feeding of empty sows before mating can promote the ovulation of oestrus and the good effect of easy oviposition. In addition, the injection of 750-1500 IU of maternal serum to the sow at one time, together with the use of 500-1000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin, can induce estrus in the sow and stimulate superovulation in the sow. 1.2 timely breeding, improve the fertilization rate of eggs due to species, age and individual ovulation time difference, so in determining the breeding time, should be flexible. From the species point of view, China's local pig breeds have short estrus duration and early ovulation, and can be bred in the first 2d of estrus. The introduced estrus has a longer duration of estrus and is late in ovulation, and can be bred in 3-4 days of estrus. Pigs can be bred on the afternoon of 2d or 3d after heat. From an age point of view, the introduction of pig-breeding young sows during the estrus period is shorter than that of the old sows, while the local breeds in China are the opposite. 1.3 Improve the feeding and management of pregnant sows and improve the survival rate of embryos at the peak of embryonic death The peak of the first embryo death is 9-13 days after the formation of zygotes. This period is the initial stage of zygotic subplantation and is susceptible to death due to various factors. About 50%. Therefore, various stress factors during this period should be reduced as much as possible. Generally, the sows are kept in the original circling breeding manner within 3-4 weeks after the breeding. The second peak of death is about the third week after pregnancy, that is, the third week after mating. This period is the period of organ differentiation and the mortality rate is about 30% to 40%. Attention should be paid to various stress and nutritional deficiency factors. During this period, the placenta ceases to grow, and the fetus grows rapidly, probably because the placenta is insufficient to support fetal development, resulting in death. The mortality rate is about 15%. Therefore, the nutrition of late sows should be strengthened. 2. Improving the survival rate of pigs and shortening the estrous cycle 2.1 Early weaning of piglets Traditional pigs have long lactating periods, usually 2 months of weaning. Early weaning of piglets means that piglets leave the nursing sow and begin living independently at 3-5 weeks of age. Early weaning older than 2 weeks is called super early weaning. Currently, there is still controversy about super early weaning. In the pig production, most of them promote weaning at 4-5 weeks of age. 2.2 Fostering foster fostering refers to the practice of raising piglets that have little or no milk to foster sows with a small number of litters when a certain number of sows are born at the same time in the farm. This is one of the effective measures to increase the survival rate of pigs. Some gilts were also bred as soon as possible to shorten the calving interval of the sows. 2.3 Induction of estrus Frequent attempts are made to use trial boars to climb calves that are not estrus. The secreted pheromone odor and contact stimuli of the boar, as well as the nerve reflex, cause the pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone and promote ovulation of the sows. In addition, estrus can be induced by injection of sex hormones, such as injection of pregnant horse serum. 3. The birth weight of piglets directly affects the fattening status of pigs. Therefore, attention should be paid to the appropriate birth weight of piglets. After 90 days of pregnancy, the fetus' weight gain accounts for 70% of the birth weight. Therefore, strengthening the rearing and management of the sow during the second trimester of pregnancy can not only increase the number of litters, but also increase the birth weight of the piglets. 3.1 Strengthen the nutritional needs of sows during lactation The nutritional needs of sows are divided into two parts. One is their own maintenance needs, and the other is the need for lactation; the maintenance needs of sows themselves are mainly determined by their weight, and the larger the body weight, the greater their weight is. The more you need. Therefore, when selecting sows, do not choose overweight sows. The sow's lactation energy needs to be related to the amount of daily milk production. Generally, the net energy per kilogram of milk required for secretion is 5.23 KJ. The milk protein content of pigs is high, about 6%, and it contains various essential amino acids. Therefore, in order to ensure the lactating sow's milk production needs not only to provide adequate protein, but also to meet the needs of various amino acids; water is also very important for nursing sows, general nursing sows need to supply 10-20kg every day and night In addition, pay attention to the supplementation of various vitamins and trace elements, and pay attention to the balance between each other. 3.2 Appropriate exercise to enhance sow constitution After 5 days of sow giving birth, you need to exercise for about 1 hour every day, 10 days after giving birth, exercise 2 times a day, each time for about 1 hour. Try to let sows and piglets touch the sun more and breathe fresh air to enhance the mother. Pig physique. In addition, attention should also be paid to maintaining the hygiene of pig houses and pigs, especially the sow's breasts, to prevent diseases and to maintain the health of the sows. During the entire pregnancy and lactation period, it should be noted that feed ingredients and feed must not be mildewed. Aflatoxin contained in mildew feed can easily cause stillbirth, miscarriage, and affect piglet weight gain.