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1. Poorly ventilated straw mushroom is a high-temperature aerobic fungus. In order to increase the temperature in the shed, the mushroom farmer often extends the covering time, resulting in excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide in the shed, which causes the straw mushroom to die of oxygen deficiency. However, the amount of ventilation is too large, the water is easily lost, and it is not conducive to the growth of straw mushroom. In order to solve this contradiction, ventilation should be conducted within 10 days after sowing every day for about half an hour after sowing. With the increase in the amount of mycelia and the emergence of a large number of "needlehead mushrooms," the ventilation time should be gradually extended to 2 hours per day.
2. The sudden change in temperature of the mushroom is a thermostatically strong mushroom. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth is from 30°C to 39°C, and the growth is stopped below 15°C or above 42°C. The growth temperature range of the fruiting body is 28°C--33°C. Low temperatures below 20°C or high temperatures above 45°C will cause wilting of small buds. Therefore, when the temperature is low, double-layer coverings and other measures should be adopted to keep warm. During the summer, the heat should be paid attention to and the shade should be covered to reduce the temperature in the mushroom house.
3. Unsuitable humidity is an important factor affecting the growth of straw mushroom. Insufficient moisture, mycelium growth is slow, and the fruit body is dry and dead; excess water will make the mushroom bed poorly ventilated, resulting in a lot of rotten mushrooms and dead mushrooms. Therefore, in order to control the suitable humidity, the optimum moisture content of the culture material is generally 70%, the relative humidity of the mycelial growth phase is 80%, and the relative humidity of the fruit body during the growth phase is maintained at 90%.
4. Water temperature uncomfortable The growth of the straw mushroom not only requires a large amount of water, but also has strict requirements on the water temperature. For example, spraying water below 23°C or 40% or more of water will cause the young mushrooms to wilt on the second day. Therefore, water spray should be performed in the morning and evening, and the water temperature should be about 30°C.
5. Slightly acidic Pleurotus ostreatus prefers a more alkaline growth environment. When the culture medium is slightly acidic (pH is less than 6.5), it is difficult to grow into mushrooms and susceptible to bacterial infection. Therefore, the amount of lime added during the batching process should reach 5%. After finishing the collection, the fluvial mushroom should be sprayed with 1% lime water or 4% turfgrass water to increase the pH.
6. When picking carelessly, do not touch young mushrooms that are growing, such as dense clusters of straw mushrooms. Wait until most straw mushrooms meet the standard. The correct method of picking is to hold the growing part of the straw mushroom in one hand and twist the mature straw mushroom in the other hand to reduce the damage to the young straw mushroom.
7. Improper cultivation and management of pests and diseases will lead to a large number of pests and diseases. When the nitrogen content of the culture material is too high, a lot of ghost umbrellas appear, and the straw mushroom competes for nutrients in the culture material, resulting in the death of the mushroom. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen must be controlled when the ingredients are mixed. When using corn cobs, wheat straw and rice straw as main materials, 5% bran or 4% fermented decomposed poultry manure should be added. When nitrogen-enriched cotton seed shells are used as main materials, no nitrogen source may be added, but it is necessary to control the damage of the aphid. After the occurrence of aphids, the hyphae in the culture materials were quickly eaten, and the mushroom on the bed surface was largely killed. When the materials were mixed, 800-fold solution of dichlorvos or trichlorfon was sprayed, and the control effect was good. When molds appear on the material surface, a layer of quicklime powder is sprinkled in the polluted area, and at the same time, the ventilation and dehumidification are enhanced to suppress the spread of the bacteria and ensure the growth of the straw mushroom.
Death Causes of Straw Mushrooms and Control Measures
In the process of straw mushroom production, we can often see the wilting death of a small piece of straw mushroom. The reason is mainly the following: