Fence guardrails Xuzhou Guifeng Metal Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.guifengmetal.com
Edible mushroom cultivation and sterilization method
Physical, chemical, or pharmaceutical means will be used to kill all microorganisms. It is well known that microorganisms are present everywhere in edible mushroom cultivation materials and air, water, and utensils. When cultivating a fungus, the medium, vessel or utensil must be sterilized before use, otherwise the culture will be infested by other fungi or microorganisms and affect the actual cultivation. There are many ways to sterilize. The most common methods are as follows. 1, dry heat sterilization. Due to general glassware, dishes, straws, etc. will be sterilized. Wrap it in a newspaper and put it in an oven. After gradually raising the temperature to 150-160°C for 2 hours, turn off the power. Allow to cool slowly. (The glass is brittle when it cools too fast). 2, hot and humid sterilization. Hygrothermal sterilization is the use of steam sterilization. It does not require the same high temperature as in the case of dry heat sterilization, because pasteurization coagulates the proteins of microorganisms. Protein coagulation is related to water content, temperature, etc. When the water content is large, the temperature required for solidification is low. On the contrary, the water content is small, so that the temperature required for solidification is high, and the temperature sterilization is divided into normal pressure and high pressure. Two kinds. 1. Atmospheric pressure normal pressure sterilization is a method of steaming with a steam cooker (or ordinary pan). It usually takes 4-6 hours from the time when the temperature reaches 100°C. When the temperature does not exceed 100°C, it is generally maintained at 8-24 hours according to the amount of sterilization. Sterility can be achieved. This method is most often used without autoclaving equipment or in the case of high-temperature sterilization of easily disrupted media. Another atmospheric sterilization there is intermittent sterilization. This method is troublesome and usually must be performed three times. Every hour, after the first steaming, the vegetative cells were killed and their spores were still viable. After steaming, the medium was placed in the incubator for 24 hours until the spores germinated and then steamed again. The second sample was then steamed for a third time after 24 hours so that it could be completely sterilized. 2, high pressure method This method is the use of high-pressure steam sterilization sterilizer, when steam sterilization, such as the pot to increase the pressure, the temperature will also increase, for example, pressure 0.56 kg / cm2 = 0.55 pascals. The temperature is 112.6°C; if the pressure is 1 kg/cm 2 = 0.98 pascals. Temperature up to 120-121 °C. Usually ideally sterilized dry 120 °C, 20 minutes to achieve the purpose. 115 °C, 30 minutes will be fine. When using the autoclave, pay attention to two points. 1. Before the pressurization, the cold air in the pot must be drained. Otherwise, the pressure will increase, but the temperature will not meet the requirements. 2. After the sterilization is completed, the pressure in the pot should be slowly lowered. Otherwise, the liquid in the vessel will be ejected. The tampon is also easy to fall off, resulting in abandonment of previous work. When there is no oven, other utensils can also be sterilized by warming, and should be wrapped in paper before sterilization. 3, flame sterilization. For sterilization of inoculation needles or other metal appliances, red heat can be directly burned on the flame of the alcohol lamp. In addition, during the inoculation process, the test tube or the triangular bottle mouth is also used for sterilizing through the flame. 4, drug sterilization. There are many kinds of drugs used, only three kinds of alcohol, 1,70%, used to cool the red inoculation needle, the surface of the hands or utensils before the operation of sterilization, slides, coverslips soaked. 2, benzalkonium chloride, commercially available generally 5% solution, when diluted to one ten-thousandth to one-thousandth, for the sterilization of the working environment and utensil surface. 3, 0.1% mercury uptake: used for the surface sterilization of the material, utensils or disposal of discarded cultures after the experiment. 4. Formalin (40% solution in aldehyde): used for fumigation sterilization of space, heating or addition of potassium permanganate to make formaldehyde gas exhaust, pay attention to the space closed and maintain for 24 hours 5, UV sterilization, with Sterilize the air in the inoculation room.
A fence railing is a structure used to protect and define private or public spaces. It is usually made of different metal materials and is installed around the perimeter of a building, site or area to prevent unauthorized entry or to provide additional security. Fence railings are designed with aesthetics, functionality, and cost in mind.
1. Security & Privacy: Fences prevent outsiders from entering, protecting the safety of occupants or users, while providing a certain amount of privacy to the interior space.
2. Aesthetic decoration: With different designs, materials, and color options, fence railings can become a part of the landscape and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal.
3. Boundary Definition: Clearly define the boundaries of a specific area to help people understand what is accessible and what is restricted.
4. Wind and rain protection: In some areas, fence guardrails can also play a role in wind, rain protection, and protect the building from bad weather.
Material Type:
- Metals: such as wrought iron, aluminum alloy, etc., with strong durability and relatively low maintenance costs.
Design & Installation:
- Height: Depending on the purpose of use and regulatory requirements, the height of the fence guardrail may vary.
- Spacing: The spacing between the vertical rods is less than 110mm.
- Material strength: Ensure that the material chosen can withstand the expected environmental conditions and potential impact forces.
- Installation: Consider the ground foundation, soil conditions and terrain characteristics to ensure firm and stable.