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Fructus Wilt Disease-free Control Technology
Fusarium wilt, commonly known as "death lice," is one of the major diseases of melons and occurs throughout the country. The disease mainly occurs on cucumbers and watermelons, and the disease is usually heavy or repeated for many years. The annual damage index is calculated based on the diseased plant rate, which is about 10% to 30%, and serious or even absent. One, the main symptoms of some parts of the early onset of leaf wilting at noon, sooner or later recoverable, and gradually expanded to the whole plant. The main vines on the near ground were rotted, rotted, thinned or longitudinally cracked, gradually dried up, and the whole plant died. Rhizome disease has an amber gelatinous outflow, and when the humidity is high, the surface produces white or pink moldy material. When breaking the stems and main roots, you can see the interior turning brown. Second, the incidence of the law Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease, the entire growth period can be the incidence, but the period of sitting period and melon period is the peak incidence of the two. Low-lying terrain, poor drainage, insufficient basal fertilizer, excessive manure application, and severe disease incidence in successive plots. Third, pollution-free control technology 1, selection of disease-resistant varieties. The cucumbers of the series such as Changchun Mimosa and Shandong Moutou are more resistant to wilt disease. The watermelon varieties such as Xinhongbao, Zhengza 7, Honeysuckle, Pingjinlong, and Pinghonghong are more resistant to wilt. The current position can be selected according to the situation. 2, select seeds. The quality of seeds is very closely related to the cultivation of strong seedlings and later plant growth and development. Therefore, it is advisable to select healthy strains for planting, and to conduct grain selection prior to sowing, and to select full-grown seeds free of insects, mildew, and no mechanical injury. 3, pay attention to the rotation. For 5-8 years, seedlings with seedlings and soil not seeded with melons have been planted. It is advisable to have 5-6 year rotations with non-melon crops, and at least 3 years apart. In regions where rice is grown conditionally, a one-year rotation with rice can sometimes produce effects. 4, change the pH of the soil. In areas where cucumber (watermelon) is heavily cultivated or in re-invasion plots, combined with pre-planting site preparation, slaked lime 80-100 kg per acre is applied to change the pH of the soil to reduce the incidence of blight. 5, grafted disease prevention. Grafting cultivation is the most effective way to prevent the wilt of melons. The grafting of Yunnan black-skinned squash with cucumbers has a good effect of preventing disease and increasing yield. Watermelon takes hyacinth and real watermelon as rootstock, which has strong affinity and stable quality. In addition, watermelon can also be used as grafted rootstock. Grafting methods generally include plug-in method, splicing method, and connection method. 6, strengthen the cultivation and management. The melons must be leveled, and before they are planted, they must be ploughed thoroughly to apply sufficient organic fertilizer. After planting, it should be properly watered to promote the development of root system and enhance resistance to disease. After squashing, it is necessary to top-dress fertilizer in time to prevent premature aging. In addition, we must pay attention to the control of underground pests. 7, high temperature soil coating. The heat-resistance limit of Fusarium oxysporum is 34°C-36°C. Therefore, the surface layer can be treated by using a pre-covered mulch film, strong solarization and temperature increase (3-5 days in the sun, 3-5 days in the surface soil, and then 3-5 days in the surface soil). soil. This can kill the wilt in the soil and reduce the incidence. 8. Appropriate selection of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides. In severe disease plots, the ratio of drug to soil may be 1:100 before planting, and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 40% carbendazim WP may be used to evenly spread the soil into planting trenches, and 100 kg of soil per mu about. In addition, irrigating the roots before the onset of disease is an effective preventive measure. The method is: after planting with 2% agricultural anti-120 water agent 200 times Irrigation root, after 7-8d with 5% mycorrhizal water solution 250 times Irrigation root, about 500ml per Irrived per solution, can receive Better control effect.