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Hu onion cultivation technology
Hu onions, alias fire onions, shallots, garlic onions, green onions, Ashkelon onion, scientific name allium ascalonicum l., Lily Branch allium is a biennial herb. Young leaves and bulbs are used as spices, and bulbs can also be used as raw materials for pickling. Hu onions are native to Central Asia. Hu onion is a major species of cultivated onion in Cuba and is also cultivated in Japan. Our country has cultivated more in South China, such as Guangzhou, and cultivated less in the north, but the catering industry is in great need and needs to be brought in from the south. All parts of our city are distributed and farmers eat. 1, botanical features fibrous roots. The stems are shortened and discoid. The leaves are composed of leaf sheaths and conical tubular leaves. They are born on stem disks. The leaves are short and soft. They are usually 25 cm long, greenish green, and have less wax powder. It is highly productive and can form bulbs. The bulbs are long ovate. The bulbs are purplish red and white inside. A plurality of bulbs gather densely, the bases are connected, and the joints are extruded into angular shapes. The stems of the plants were drawn in the late spring, the stems were hollow, and the flowers were lavender. Without seeds in the south, a small amount of seeds can be cultivated in Beijing. The seeds are shield-shaped, such as onion seeds, which are shiny black and have a germination force of 2 years. 2, the requirements of environmental conditions Huconi hi cold climate, strong cold resistance, not resistant to heat. Seeds and bulbs can germinate slowly at a low temperature of 3 to 5°C, and the germination rate increases when the temperature reaches 12°C or more. The optimum temperature for plant leaf growth is about 22°C. If the temperature drops to 10°C, it grows slowly. If it is higher than 25°C, it grows poorly. The bulb's growth and expansion period requires a higher temperature of 20-26°C. Under long-day conditions, higher temperatures will promote the formation and expansion of bulbs. Therefore, in the warm regions of southern China, onions grow vigorously in winter and spring, form a large bulb before high temperature in summer, and yellowish and become soft in summer, and the bulbs enter a short-term physiological dormancy over summer. Allium euphratica vernalization type, requiring a certain time of low temperature can twitch, about 5 days at 5 °C. The onion root system is shallow and has weak water absorption capacity. It is required to keep the soil moist. In particular, the leaf needs more moisture for its growth, but it is not resistant to earthworms. The soil is more suitable for the fertilizer, like fertilizer, suitable for planting in the fertile loose, water conservation and fertility of the loam. 3. Cultivation Techniques 1) In the cultivation season, according to requirements of environmental conditions of shallots, and arrange the cultivation season, the young seedlings and leaf growing period of the shallots should be placed under short daylight and low temperature, and the bulbous growth period should be set at a long time. Sunshine and higher temperature conditions. Therefore, the open cultivation in warm southern areas and the protected cultivation in cold regions in the north are all suitable for autumn planting, breeding with bulbs or ramets, and planting from July to September. Northern open fields are cultivated in the spring, and bulbless plants are harvested in the summer or remain in place and bulbs are harvested in the fall. You can also leave the ground exposed for the winter and harvest young crops in late spring, but you can't leave it for a long time, otherwise the bulbs will grow smaller and smaller. (2) Planting methods 1 Soil preparation and basal fertilization: The root system of shallots is shallow and small, and the site preparation shall be fine and smooth. The basal fertilizer shall be crushed and minced, and the shallow application shall be uniform. The amount of fertilization depends on the strength of the land. Generally, it uses 37,500 to 75,000 kilograms of manure or compost per hectare, plus 375 kilograms of superphosphate. For 畦, about 100 centimeters. The sorghum or ping gong should be based on the conditions of each place. 2 Planting density: Planting with bulbs can be carried out at a spacing of 20 cm, with a distance of 10 cm, and broadcast 2 or 3 pellets per hole. Planted with ramets, spaced 24 cm apart, with a spacing of 18 cm, with one seedling per hole. There are 225,000 seedlings per hectare. (3) In the early stage of field management, timely cultivating and weeding shall be conducted to ensure soil conservation. Plants were topdressed after delivery, combined with topdressing, watering and shallow soils. Keep the soil surface dry and wet. After each harvesting, the post-emergence seedlings should be topdressed once, watered and lightly soiled. (4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases Hucurie has fewer diseases and sometimes rust occurs. The diseased part of the diseased plant first appeared as a small white spot, followed by a spotted, orange-to-brown rust spot, and the disease became severe when the air humidity was high. Should be sprayed during the pathogen infection period of 0.8 Baumite Lithosulfide protection, the onset of the disease can be used at the beginning of the 50% Dyson ammonium 500 times or 2% sodium sulfamate spray. Insect pests are threatened by thrips and leaf miners, and are prone to occur when they are dry and drizzle at low temperatures. When a worm is discovered at the beginning, low-toxic pesticides should be sprayed throughout the field to prevent and control it. (5) Harvesting and planting onion Allium sempervirens will be harvested from planting till the beginning of harvesting about 60 days. The harvesting period of autumn plants is from September to May next year, leaving 2 to 3 minutes for each hole during harvest, so that they can grow again and harvest once every 30 to 35 days. Yields 24 000 to 30 000 kg per hectare. The seedlings were planted in spring in March and planted in sorghum. In May, the onion leaves turned yellow and the shoots were harvested. The bulbs were harvested, dried in onions and stored in a ventilated place for later use. Hu onion does not seed in the south, but on the outskirts of Beijing, after autumn and winter in the open field, autumn planting and onions twitch and blossom, and in early June, seeds can be received, but the amount of seeds collected is very low. Seedlings grow more slowly after sowing. 4. Nutrient composition and utilization of nutrients from shallot are different due to different varieties and harvest time. Better varieties contain 85 grams of water per 100 grams of fresh sample, vitamin C, 87.4 milligrams, potassium 435 milligrams, 6.75 mg of sodium, 187 mg of calcium, 42.2 mg of magnesium, 51.9 mg of phosphorus, 0.19 mg of copper, 2.42 mg of iron, 0.34 mg of zinc, 0.78 mg of manganese, 1.02 mg of manganese, and containing mercaptans, dimethyl disulfide, etc. Fat also contains prostaglandin a, which is rare in vegetables. Onion is generally used as a seasoning, such as steamed fish to be placed on green onion, the best taste of the onion. For soup noodles, soup powder, etc., chopped green onion with shallots, cooked with noodles and flour, and sprinkled with green onion flowers, can promote appetite. The onion bulbs and green leaves can also be fried or marinated with meat. The sulfites contained in the shallots have a hypolipidemic effect, and regular eating is good for health.