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Phalaenopsis family cultivation
Phalaenopsis is a tropical orchid with single stems in orchids. The upright thick stems can grow up to 8 cm in size, and the broad soft fleshy leaves alternate. There are aerial roots between the lower leaves of the stem. When cultivated, the surface of the culture soil is also covered with similar roots. Therefore, good root ventilation is required. Potted plants generally adopt roots, sphagnum moss, bark blocks, coconut shell blocks, etc., as long as they are well-drained potted substrates. The most commonly used is the root of the fern purpurea. The roots are dried and cut into small pieces of 5 cm in length, followed by the addition of some rot-leaf or peat, and a mixture of coarse sand or perlite. However, fern roots are not easily available in the northern regions and can only be purchased in the flower market, so bark and small mosses are generally used. The bark is best cut with fir bark, usually 2 pieces of broken bark and 1 part of peat moss, but also can be mixed with a little bit of bone meal. Squid and other water first soaked, and then squeeze the excess water, and some coarse sand, perlite, broken bricks (rock) and other mix can be used. Phalaenopsis is planted in ordinary pots. Generally, porous pots are preferred. In order to facilitate ventilation, shallow pots are preferred. The pot height is preferably smaller than the diameter of the pots. It can also be planted in baskets made of wood or metal wire. In a basket made of wood or wire, tied to the stems of tree branches or tree ferns. Pots and pans are usually placed in half-basin shingles to facilitate drainage. If a basket is used, a layer of peat moss must be applied to the bottom of the basket to prevent the loss of pottery soil from between wooden slats or meshes. In general, the phalaenopsis needs to be changed once a year. When the plant's roots begin to re-grow (usually in the spring), it is the best time to change pots. Water moss can be used as a cultivation medium for a year, so it is necessary to change the basin once a year. Whether it is the upper basin or the basin, the plants in the new basin cannot be watered immediately. In the first three to four weeks, it is usually only necessary to spray the leaves once a day. Changing the basin is very important in the cultivation and management of Phalaenopsis. Otherwise, due to the aging of the cultivation matrix, the water moss will rot, which will lead to the deterioration of the air permeability, which will cause the root system to grow outside the basin. In severe cases, it will cause root rot, plant growth will be seriously declined, and even death. . In the cultivation, if individual plants are found to be weakened, or the potted substrate is rotted and airtight, it can be changed at any time to restore its growth potential. Phalaenopsis generally requires a stable warm and humid environment throughout the year, even during short periods of dormancy. The optimum temperature is 25°C to 28°C during the day and 18°C ​​to 20°C during the night. Special attention should be paid to the fact that Phalaenopsis is very sensitive to low temperatures, and it stops growing at 15°C for a long time. At 15°C or less, Phalaenopsis stopped absorbing water, resulting in physiological water shortage of the plants themselves. The leaves turned yellow and fell off. The leaves of the whole plant became delustered and the plants died after a long time. Because the humidity of the original place of production of the Phalaenopsis is relatively large, the humidity of the place where the Phalaenopsis is usually cultivated should be maintained at 70% to 80%. The water can be sprayed once a day toward the leaf surface. Spraying is best when spraying water. Do not allow water droplets to remain on the leaves of the Phalaenopsis. If left on the leaves overnight, black spots will appear on the part. Secondly, Phalaenopsis prefers a well-ventilated environment and avoids hot heat. Poor ventilation can easily cause rot, resulting in weakened growth of seedlings and disease. Phalaenopsis needs bright, warm light all year round, and it is generally necessary to avoid direct light.