Black glutinous maize is a special type of maize, whose kernel cuticle deposits melanin to varying degrees, giving it a dark and shiny appearance. The kernels are rich in water-soluble melanin and various essential trace elements, plant protein and various amino acids, with a significantly higher nutritional content than other cereal crops.
The origin of black glutinous maize: coloured glutinous maize is generally white, yellow, red, purple and black, with white, yellow and purple maize being the basic colours. The purple gene of a purple-white cross naturally becomes purple if it "beats" the white gene, and vice versa, so if the two make a tie, we see white and purple maize. Purple can turn into red and black maize, or as we often say, "red is purple and black is purple".
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Recently, the reform of the grain purchasing policy has attracted high attention. The reporter learned that the Development and Reform Commission has taken the lead and the relevant departments are studying the reform of the policy procurement policy on foodstuffs. Experts and scholars of the Development and Research Center of the State Council, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture have all gone to the Northeast and Henan. Sichuan, Hubei and other places conducted special research on grain purchase policies.
“The problem of food procurement is very prominent, and it will definitely need to be changed.†Researcher Li Guoxiang of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences prepared to go to Heilongjiang to conduct research on the autumn grain purchase policy. He told the “Economic Information Daily (microblogging)†reporter. All parties are discussing the adjustment of the grain purchase policy. Although the country has not yet set the adjustment, the direction should be to return to the market, to better play the basic role of the market, not only to protect the interests of farmers but also to reduce market intervention.
It is understood that the grain market will purchase the minimum purchase price policy including wheat and rice, and the temporary purchase and storage policy for corn, soybeans and rapeseed. When grain prices in the market are low, the state initiates a market-based acquisition to protect the interests of farmers and the enthusiasm for growing grain. In recent years, the price of buying in the city has been continuously increasing, and at the same time, many drawbacks have been exposed.
Ma Wenfeng, an analyst at Eastern Iger Agricultural Consulting Co., told the “Economic Information Daily†reporter that the biggest problem in the city’s acquisition was distorting the market price. The continuous increase in the purchase price of the city’s proprietors caused the food prices to be inflexible, and was plunged into a large number of imports from abroad and a large number of domestic products. The "strange circle" of storage.
Qin Fu, director of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, believes that the stable increase in the minimum grain purchase price is indeed of great significance for mobilizing the enthusiasm of agricultural producers and increasing farmers' income. In general, however, the prices of major grain varieties that China has implemented at the lowest prices have already shown a trend that is higher than the average price in the international market, and the temporary storage price of soybeans is much higher than the average price in the international market.
Compared with the minimum purchase price policy, the reform of temporary purchasing and storage policies for soybeans, rapeseeds and other varieties is more appealing. Li Guoxiang believes that soybean and rapeseed have a high degree of dependence on the international market. The temporary purchase and storage policy has caused domestic processing and trading companies to lack competitiveness, self-sufficiency rate has continued to decline, and the purpose of industrial protection has not been realized. Processing and trading companies generally reflect that "temporary purchasing and storage policies can no longer continue."
At the same time as domestic and foreign “high spreadsâ€, domestic food stocks are high, and the government has acquired most of the grain sources on the market through the acquisition of the city. Some scholars call this “food market policyâ€. Ma Wenfeng believes that excessive food inventories will bring about low efficiency in the use of state fiscal funds, and will result in the waste of resources. At the same time, it will not help improve the country’s food security situation, but also has a great impact on our country. The efficiency of using agricultural funds.
In the entire procurement system of the city, the middle grain as the main subject of execution has also been criticized, and corruption cases have been repeatedly exposed in recent years. Recently, the "Cow Case" of Henan Branch of China Grain Reserves once again raised public concerns. According to reports, the prosecution authorities recently dug out 110 "big mouse" systems in the Henan Branch of China Grain Reserves Co., Ltd., and found that it took advantage of the national "trusted grain supply" purchasing policy to buy 200,000 kilograms of "circling grain" from empty space to defraud the country's grain funds. More than 700 million yuan.
Some analysts believe that the food price support policy, which focuses on the minimum purchase price and temporary purchase and storage, has reached an important point that needs to be adjusted. Regarding the path of procurement and reform in the city, Li Guoxiang believes that if within the existing policy framework, it can increase the market's execution body in addition to China's grain reserves, and at the same time separate policy and business operations of China Grain Reserves; if conditions are ripe, they can learn The United States' target price subsidy system.
The target price subsidy is also called “subsidy for differenceâ€, that is, the government pre-establishes a target price that can make farmers obtain reasonable returns. This price is higher than the difference between market prices, and the government subsidizes the farmers. The target price subsidy is seen as an important "alternative policy" for the acquisition of the city.
Li Guoxiang believes that there are still difficulties in the operation of target price subsidies, such as how to determine the amount of grain sold by farmers, and there is still a lack of basic data. Especially in the main grain-producing areas, the level of policy management is limited, and the risk of rent-seeking and corruption is relatively high. Therefore, it must be prudent to implement the full-scale implementation, and pilots may be conducted in some regions first.
A number of experts interviewed by the reporter said that all parties are now very clear about the advantages and disadvantages of each policy tool and the ease of operation. The key is to use these policy tools to achieve what kind of macro-control goals. Regardless of how the city’s purchase policies are reformed, farmers’ interests and food security must be ensured. 