The core message: China's large-scale swine pigs have developed rapidly, but many practitioners in the industry have reported that it is increasingly difficult to raise pigs. What are the reasons? We are now sharing with you to strengthen the management of large-scale pig farms and do a good job in environmental health. In recent years, large-scale swine production in China has developed rapidly. However, many practitioners in the industry have reported that it is becoming more and more difficult to raise pigs. Whether it is for individual breeding or large-scale pig raising, there are common feelings. Why are pigs more and more difficult to raise? ? Why are more and more pig diseases? Although we now have more and more vaccines, more and more preventive drugs, and more and more abundant farming experience, we cannot control pig diseases very well. What are the reasons? The current characteristics of large-scale swine production in China are: large numbers of pigs, high stocking density, small range of movement, and many environmental stress factors, resulting in poor pig constitution and favorable conditions for the occurrence and spread of certain diseases. The environment is the primary factor in preventing and controlling diseases. Pigs grow in a suitable environment and their body resistance increases, which can reduce the incidence of diseases. The bad environment can directly lead to the occurrence and spread of the disease, and at the same time can promote the outbreak of the disease. For example, excessively high humidity in pig houses can affect the metabolism of pigs and cause yellow and white piglets; cold has a greater indirect effect on piglets, and it is the main cause of diarrheal diseases such as yellow piglets and infectious gastroenteritis in piglets. Can cause respiratory diseases. The environment is the key to improving production performance. The growth of pigs in a suitable environment can give full play to their genetic potential, and all production performance can be normal. Poor conditions severely restrict the performance of pigs. For example: Under high temperature and high humidity conditions, pigs lose appetite, body temperature, and lack of energy; boar libido decreases; empty sows do not have estrus or estrus, pregnant sows have high embryo mortality, labor sows at excessive temperatures It may even cause death. From this we can see that doing a good job in environmental sanitation is crucial for the management of large-scale pig farms. The good or bad of the environment determines the success or failure of the farm. At present, many pig farm management personnel in our country neglect environmental sanitation. We must update the management concept in a timely manner, promote environmental management as the first element, and establish an environmental health and safety system. temperature The suitable temperature for piglets (breastfeeding) is 32°C to 35°C, and the suitable temperature for the nursery area and the finishing area is 26°C to 28°C and 20°C. In summer, the adult pigs should be well-prepared to prevent the heat and cool down, such as: showers, use of cooling fans, cooling of water curtains, ventilation of pig houses, and ensuring sufficient water consumption. In addition to matting straw in piglets for newborn piglets and weaned piglets in winter, incubators and heat lamps are used to increase the ambient temperature. humidity The suitable humidity for pigs is 65% to 80%. Tests have shown that temperatures in the range of 14°C to 23°C and relative humidity of 50% to 80% are the most suitable for pigs to survive. Pigs have a fast growth rate and a good fattening effect. In order to prevent excessive humidity, we must first reduce the source of water vapor in the pig house, use less or no large amounts of water to wash the pigsty, keep the ground flat, and avoid accumulation of water. Set up ventilation equipment, often open doors and windows to reduce indoor humidity. Tree planting and grass greening To build a pig farm away from residential areas, trees and grass should be planted around the pig house. Breeding 5 to 10 meters wide windbreaks around the farm is beneficial to herd health. If the summer weather is hot and the humidity is high, planting a certain amount of trees around the pig house will not only play a role in afforestation, but also play a role in shading and can appropriately reduce the temperature. Studies have shown that planting windbreaks 5 to 10 meters wide around a pig farm can reduce the wind speed in the field by 70% to 80% in the cold winter and reduce the temperature by 10% to 20% in the hot summer; Reduce the toxic and harmful gases in the air by 25%, reduce odors by 50%, reduce dust by 30% to 50%, and reduce the number of bacteria in the air by 20% to 80%. Reduce feeding density Due to the high density of pigs on large-scale pig farms, the volume of pig houses is relatively small and confined. Large amounts of carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and dust accumulate in the pig houses, making pigs susceptible to disease. Therefore, the pig farm can properly reduce the stocking density. The best rearing density is 0.3 square meters to 0.4 square meters per piglet, 0.7 square meters to 0.8 square meters for each breeding pig, and 1.0 square meters to 1.2 square meters for each pig. Ventilation Drying is the main measure to reduce the production of harmful gases. Ventilation is an important method to eliminate harmful gases. When the heat insulation and ventilation in the cold season are in conflict, peroxide-based disinfectants can be sprayed regularly in the pig house. The released oxygen can oxidize hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the air to play a role in sterilization, deodorization, dust reduction, and purification. The role of air. The ammonia gas in the pig house must be below 50 WL, carbon dioxide should be below 0.2%, ammonia, carbon dioxide and dust must not exceed the standard, otherwise it is easy to induce respiratory disease. Pig manure management Eliminating or reducing harmful gas in piggery, in addition to paying attention to ventilation, it is also necessary to do a good job in the hygiene management of the pig house, remove the excrement and sewage in time, and prevent it from being corrupted and decomposed in the pig house. Tune the pig to the playground or the pighouse for the habit of defecation. 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