The risk of milk powder production

According to the data, infant formula milk powder refers to a product made from milk (or goat milk) and its processed products as main raw materials, added with appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals, and other auxiliary materials and processed to be used by infants and young children. Among them, the accessories are mostly whey powder, cream, protein powder, lactose, sugar, skim powder, fructooligosaccharides, corn oil, maltodextrin, and the like. Taking infant formula as an example, what are the key quality control points in this complete industry chain? What security risks may exist at these key points?

Q&A

What are the quality risks in the milk powder import process?

Q: What are the main raw materials for imported milk powder?

A: Normally called milk powder includes ordinary powdered milk and infant formula. Ordinary milk powder is made by direct spray drying of milk, which is mainly used for food production and processing. Infant formula milk powder is to meet the nutritional needs of infants and young children, it is necessary to add various nutrients on the basis of ordinary milk powder, adjust the ratio of casein and whey protein in order to achieve the effect of close to breast milk. There are many raw materials used in the production of infant formula milk powder, some of which may be imported, such as milk powder base powder, whey powder, concentrated whey protein powder, lactose, and some nutritional fortifiers.

Q: What quality and safety risks will occur during the transportation of imported milk powder and milk powder from the original cans?

A: Whether it is the original imported milk powder or imported milk powder raw materials, it is generally shipped to China by sea. The transportation process is generally long. It usually takes one month from the origin to the domestic port. In the transportation process, if the temperature, humidity, light and other conditions are not properly controlled for the large-packaged milk powder raw materials, it will lead to microbial proliferation and product agglomeration; second, it will cause loss of some nutrients, oxidation and taste of milk powder. The original cans of imported milk powder were better sealed due to product packaging and were less affected by the environment.

Q: What are the main problems affecting the quality and safety of imported milk powder and milk powder raw materials imported from the original tank?

A: The main problems in imported milk powder are: use of food additives in excess or in excess; secondly, excessive toxic and harmful substances; third, excessive microorganisms or detection of pathogenic microorganisms; and fourth, the nutrient content in formula milk does not meet the standard requirements.

Q: After importing milk powder to domestic ports, what procedures must be passed to allow it to enter the country?

A: The reporter learned from the Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Bureau that China's supervision of imported dairy products has achieved full chain supervision from production sources to domestic sales. The procedure for inspection and quarantine of imported powdered milk is as follows: Registration of overseas dairy products production enterprises - Imported dairy products Importers and exporters to file for the record - immigration inspection - stored in the inspection site designated by the inspection and quarantine agency or recognized - according to the standard implementation of the inspection and risk monitoring program to monitor the non-standard items - inspection and quarantine qualified access to goods inspection and quarantine certificate; inspection Unqualified quarantine for return shipment or destruction processing - importers set up import records and sales records, and announced in the public media the type, origin, brand-importer's initiative report of imported dairy products, and discovered problems promptly recalled.

1. Dairy cattle feed: mold contamination Mycotoxins are poisonous and harmful substances produced by molds or fungi. It is estimated that 25% of the world's cereals are contaminated with mycotoxins, and mycotoxins can also contaminate silage, hay, and accessories. At present, more than 150 species of mycotoxin-producing fungi have been found, of which more than 10 are commonly found in feedstuffs, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, which can cause poisoning in humans and animals.

Crude fodder accounts for half of the cow's feed. Dairy cows' feeds that have been contaminated with mycotoxins often result in reduced feed intake, reduced milk production, and increased somatic cell counts. What is even more worrying is that harmful mycotoxins in feed can be transferred to milk.

[Case] ​​Mengniu Aflatoxin "poison" milk incident On December 24, 2011, the AQSIQ announced that Mengniu's batch of aflatoxin M1 was exceeding its standard. Aflatoxin is carcinogenic and its toxicity is comparable to arsenic. Dr. Yun, a food engineering engineer at Purdue University in the United States, believes that the reason for the presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk is the high level of aflatoxin in the feed. The moldy grain is used as feed, and the aflatoxin can enter the milk after 24 hours.

Blight: Antibiotic Residues Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of cow diseases. Sources of antibiotics in raw milk mainly include the following: antibiotics used in the treatment of diseased cattle during lactation will migrate from the cow to the mammary gland or remain in the milk. After treatment, cows will have antibiotic residues within 5 days (days) of milk extrusion; Prevent cow disease and increase yield, add antibiotics to dairy cows' feed; due to poor management of cattle farms, milking parlors, etc., artificially add milk antibiotics; use milk cows used by recent antibiotic-treated dairy cows to milk normal cows milk.

[Case] ​​Antibiotics detected in Hong Kong First Milk Powder In June of this year, Sichuan Provincial Consumer Protection Committee announced the comparison report of 18 brands of infant formula. According to the report, 17 of the 18 groups of infant milk formula samples had no antibiotic drug residues detected, and only the "Mingyi brand" sample was detected with sulfadoxine. The content was 0.015 mg/kg.

2. Collecting grandmother: Violation Addition In order to allow the raw milk to be successfully acquired through testing, the inferior milk is turned into high-quality milk and sold at a high price. The criminals have turned into "chemists" and added tricks to the original milk, resulting in a A series of serious infant formula milk quality safety accidents. The "targets" added by lawbreakers include: raising milk protein and other nutrient detection indicators, masking antibiotic residues, and extending freshness.

[Case] ​​The melamine crisis in dairy industry In 2008, a serious dairy crisis broke out in the country. The cause was the melamine "unspoken rules" elicited by the Sanlu milk powder quality safety accident. Melamine is a chemical raw material that can make raw milk mixed. After entering clean water, it still met the acquisition criteria. The purpose of adding melamine to raw milk by lawbreakers is to increase protein detection indicators and thus make illegal profits.

3. Risk of sterilization during milk powder production process Biological risk: High bacterial residue, bacterial contamination Chemicals: Residues of cleaning fluids In February of this year, AQSIQ announced 649 batches of imported foods and cosmetics that failed the list, including Ningbo Haishu. Infant & Baby Foods Co., Ltd. detected salmonella from 7488 kilograms of large-scale infant formula milk powder imported from the Netherlands. Salmonella infection may have serious effects on infants and other children with low immunity and may even cause death.

Potential risks of biological material acceptance: Coliform bacteria and bacterial count breeding cases In November 2011, the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine notified the results of a nationwide supervision and inspection of infant formula milk powder and milk powder product quality in China. There are 3 unqualified infant formula milk powder products, including a batch of infant milk powder from Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier Nongken Snowflake Dairy Co., Ltd. The problem product involves the total number of colonies, biotin and other non-compliance. Later, after a self-inspection analysis, the company believed that the main reason was that the UV lamp of the fully automatic packaging machine was used for a long time and the package material was not completely sterilized.

Screen foreign body reject (or metal detection)

Potential risks Physical: Miscellaneous items (metal, stones, glass)

Cases Recently, the China Consumers Association announced that the nation's consumer complaints in the first half of 2013 showed that there were 745 infant formula milk powder complaints, among which, foreign body odor in milk powder was the main problem. Recently, dead frogs were found in infant formula milk powder produced by a well-known Korean company. The product manufacturer explained that "in the liquid state and in the powder state, there will be four times of filtration and it is impossible to enter the frog." At the same time, "The frog is not excluded from entering the milk powder barrel during the filling of milk powder."

Loading potential risks:

Biological: Bacterial Contamination Chemical: Disinfectant, cleaning agent Residue Physical: Impurity 4, circulation OEM: China's unique brand Since 2008, all kinds of safety problems of domestic milk powder have caused a large number of consumers to turn to foreign milk powder. There are more than 200 kinds of foreign milk powder brands on the market. It is understood that most of these new brands of foreign milk powder imported foreign raw milk powder, and then registered by the importer at home or abroad a trademark. In other words, these powdered milk are not actually in their place of origin, but are produced in response to the Chinese market. Some of the manufacturers of foreign milk powder are actually domestic companies.

[Case] ​​The listing prospectus of the Synbiotics "Fake Foreign Devils" identity status report shows that in 1999, Luo Fei and Luo Yun brothers set up Biostime in Guangzhou, and in August 2000, they applied for the registration of the Synbiotics Trademark. Since its launch in 2002, Biostime has been self-proclaimed by "French Synbiotics". Its milk powder has long been processed by Laiterie de Montaigu manufacturers in France and is OEM. In 2007, it was exposed by "3·15" and the word "France" was removed.

Purchasing: Untested In recent years, some consumers purchased foreign milk powder through online shopping. However, the milk powder purchased through this method is mostly entered in the form of personal postal items. Generally, it has not passed the inspection by the quality inspection department, and the quality of products is not guaranteed. , Food safety risks can not be overlooked.

[Case] ​​Iodine-deficient Meiji milk powder flows into the country On August 8, 2012, the Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau reported that there were six samples of powdered milk with lower iodine content than the statutory requirements, including "Meiji" and "Mori-Yong" that mainland parents often purchase. The responsible person of Meiji Milk Powder stated that Meiji milk powder sold in the Mainland was produced in Australia, and Meiji did not set up a sales subsidiary in Hong Kong. Therefore, most of the Meiji milk powder sold in Hong Kong may be limited to products sold in Japan. These milk powders are not included in the Mainland. Sales.